OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT

 

INTERVIEW OF DR. LAMPROPOULOS TO DR. PAPPAS ON THE JUICE OF OLIVE TREE LEAVES 

ΦΑΡΜΑΚΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΔΡΑΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΦΥΛΛΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΙΑΣ (OLEA EUROPAEA)  Δρ. Ανάργυρος Ν. Μουλάς, Επίκουρος Καθηγητής ΤΕΙ Λάρισας Τμήμα Ζωικής Παραγωγής, Εργαστήριο Γεωργικής Χημείας    http://www.iama.gr/ethno/mytilini/moulas.html saved  moulas.htm

OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT ΣΤΗΝ ΦΥΣΙΚΗ ΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΤΙΚΗ  http://www.iama.gr/ethno/mytilini/chronop.html  saved chronop.htm

Η χημική ένωση του μήνα [Μάρτιος 2007] Ελαιοευρωπεΐνη http://www.chem.uoa.gr/chemicals/chem_oleuropein.htm saved chem_oleuropein.htm

OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT :   http://www.rexresearch.com/articles/oliveleaf.htm  saved oliveleaf.htm

http://www.literaturesearch.net/oliveleaf.html

http://www.altcancer.com/docs/olive_leaf.doc

http://www.literaturesearch.net/Literature%20Search%20files/Olive%20Leaf%20Extract.pdf  

http://209.85.135.132/search?q=cache:M9OVz44bga8J:www.literaturesearch.net/oliveleaf.html+%22www.literaturesearch.net%22+%22Olive+Leaf+Extract%22&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk  saved litseole.htm

http://www.amazon.com/Olive-Leaf-Extract-Morton-Walker/dp/1575662264

http://www.books.gr/ViewShopProduct.aspx?Id=1708176

http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/26/5/777.pdf

http://aac.asm.org/cgi/reprint/8/4/421.pdf

http://www.pluslife.com.sg/pdf_infosheet/OliveLeafExtract.pdf

Google search :  < Olea europaea : A Phyto Pharmacological Review >

http://bionaturalgroup.com/site/promotion/Clinical%20Studies2.pdf

google search  http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&num=100&q=anticancer+%22olive+leaf+extract%22&start=0&sa=N

http://www.olivus.com/cancer.htm

google search : Olive extract kills colon cancer cells

http://www.olives101.com/2006/09/11/could-olive-leaf-extract-treat-extremely-drug-resistant-tb/ 

http://www.nyu.edu/classes/ytchang/reprint/2003%20Sylvia.pdf

http://nutrition.med.uoc.gr/drastiriotites/Tech_report.pdf

http://www.kentri.gr/6/post-204.html#more   

http://www.kentri.gr/6/post-190.html#more    saved 

http://www.kentri.gr/6/post-188.html#more    saved

http://www.kentri.gr/6/post-114.html#more    saved

http://www.kentri.gr/post-194.html#more       saved

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Η χρυσοφόρος φλέβα που λέγεται "καρκίνος" http://209.85.129.132/search?q=cache:tT1Uj4jQ7PoJ:www.kentri.gr/index.php/med/350------qq.html+%22%CE%97+%CF%87%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82+%CF%86%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B2%CE%B1+%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82%22&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk

http://www.kentri.gr/index.php/med/350------qq.pdf

http://www.kentri.gr/index.php/med/350------qq.html

saved xflk.htm

http://www.kentri.gr/index.php/med/351-1-.html

http://www.kentri.gr/index.php/med/85-8------.html

http://www.kentri.gr/index.php/med/77-7------.html

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

 

http://www.books.gr/ViewShopProduct.aspx?Id=72809

Southern Cross University researchers find Australian olive leaf extract shows promise in laboratory testing http://www.uq.edu.au/accmer/assets/docs/Olive_Leaf_July06.pdf

Olive Leaf Extract Natural Defense    http://intelegen.com/ImmuneSystem/olive_leaf_extract_natural_defen.htm

The History of Olive Leaf Extract    http://www.olea.com.au/product1_1.html

Olive leaf extract (as EFLA® 943, dose-dependently reduces blood pressure, according to a study conducted on human twins and presented at the Phytopharmaka and Phytotherapy 2005 Congress        http://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/articles/611online11.html

Olive leaf extract may lower cholesterol   http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2008/08/27/Olive_leaf_extract_may_lower_cholesterol/UPI-10301219872802/

http://www.oliveleafextract.com/contents.html  

Blood pressure lowering effect of an olive leaf extract (Olea europaea) in L-NAME induced hypertension in rats                          http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=14024265 

EFLA 943 Lowers Blood Pressure  http://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/articles/611online11.html  

Olive leaf (oleuropein) has been shown to have a variety of health benefits.  http://freedomantiviral.addr.com/olive_leaf_extract.htm

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?linkVars=SessionID%3D09110210475944405406260006%26BROWSER_STATE%3DGMResults%26ORBagentPort%3D14600%26GM2K_FORM%3DGMResults%26LAST_HIDDEN_TIMESTAMP%3D1257176898493%26UserSearchText%3D%2522olive%2Bleaf%2Bextract%2522%26sb_action%3DExpand%2BItem%2B%253A%2B4%26HIDDEN_TIMESTAMP%3D1257176925242

Antimicrobial activity of commercial Olea europaea (olive) leaf extract.

Sudjana AN, D'Orazio C, Ryan V, Rasool N, Ng J, Islam N, Riley TV, Hammer KA.

Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009 May;33(5):461-3. Epub 2009 Jan 9.

Discipline of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

The aim of this research was to investigate the activity of a commercial extract derived from the leaves of Olea europaea (olive) against a wide range of microorganisms (n=122). Using agar dilution and broth microdilution techniques, olive leaf extract was found to be most active against Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori and Staphylococcus aureus [including meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)], with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 0.31-0.78% (v/v). In contrast, the extract showed little activity against all other test organisms (n=79), with MICs for most ranging from 6.25% to 50% (v/v). In conclusion, olive leaf extract was not broad-spectrum in action, showing appreciable activity only against H. pylori, C. jejuni, S. aureus and MRSA. Given this specific activity, olive leaf extract may have a role in regulating the composition of the gastric flora by selectively reducing levels of H. pylori and C. jejuni.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?linkVars=SessionID%3D09110210475944405406260006%26BROWSER_STATE%3DGMResults%26ORBagentPort%3D14600%26GM2K_FORM%3DGMResults%26LAST_HIDDEN_TIMESTAMP%3D1257176898493%26UserSearchText%3D%2522olive%2Bleaf%2Bextract%2522%26sb_action%3DExpand%2BItem%2B%253A%2B3%26HIDDEN_TIMESTAMP%3D1257176925242

Dry olive leaf extract ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Miljković D, Dekanski D, Miljković Z, Momcilović M, Mostarica-Stojkovic M.

Clin Nutr. 2009 Jun;28(3):346-50. Epub 2009 Apr 21.

Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stanković, Department of Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. georgije_zw@yahoo.com

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of CNS inflammatory and demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Mediterranean diet, rich in olive products is associated with lower incidence of multiple sclerosis in South European population. Therefore, the influence of dry olive leaf extract (DOLE) on EAE course was investigated. METHODS: Spinal cord homogenate and complete Freund's adjuvant were used for the induction of EAE in Dark Agouti rats. DOLE was applied intragastrically once per day, starting from the day of the immunization. Real time PCR and ELISA were used for the determination of IFN-gamma and IL-17 gene expression and production, respectively. RESULTS: DOLE reduced various parameters of EAE severity in DA rats, including cumulative disease index, maximal clinical score and disease duration. Also, DOLE decreased cellularity of the draining lymph nodes and production of IFN-gamma and IL-17 by the cells infiltrating spinal cord of EAE rats. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented in this paper strongly suggest that DOLE-enriched diet has a beneficial effect in EAE in rats. Further studies in humans are required in order to investigate if DOLE could be a useful supplementary dietetic for the patients suffering from multiple sclerosis and other neuroinflammatory disorders.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?linkVars=SessionID%3D09110210475944405406260006%26BROWSER_STATE%3DGMResults%26ORBagentPort%3D14600%26GM2K_FORM%3DGMResults%26LAST_HIDDEN_TIMESTAMP%3D1257176898493%26UserSearchText%3D%2522olive%2Bleaf%2Bextract%2522%26sb_action%3DExpand%2BItem%2B%253A%2B1%26HIDDEN_TIMESTAMP%3D1257176925242

Olive leaf extract and its main component oleuropein prevent chronic ultraviolet B radiation-induced skin damage and carcinogenesis in hairless mice.

Kimura Y, Sumiyoshi M.

J Nutr. 2009 Nov;139(11):2079-86. Epub 2009 Sep 23.

Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medical Research, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City Ehime, Japan. yokim@m.ehime-u.ac.jp

Chronic exposure to solar UV radiation damages skin, increasing its thickness and reducing its elasticity, and causes skin cancer. Our aim in this study was to examine the effects of an olive leaf extract and its component oleuropein on skin damage and the incidence of skin tumors caused by long-term UVB irradiation in hairless mice. Male hairless mice (5 wk old) were divided into 6 groups, including a non-UVB group, a vehicle-treated UVB group (control), 2 olive leaf extract-treated UVB groups, and 2 oleuropein-treated UVB groups. Five groups were UVB irradiated (36-180 mJ/cm(2)) 3 times each week for 30 wk and skin thickness and elasticity after UVB irradiation were measured every week. Olive leaf extract (300 and 1000 mg/kg) and oleuropein (10 and 25 mg/kg) were administered orally twice daily every day for 30 wk. The extract and oleuropein significantly inhibited increases in skin thickness and reductions in skin elasticity, and skin carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Furthermore, they prevented increases in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13 as well as in levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the skin. Based on histological evaluation, they prevented increases in the expression of Ki-67 and CD31-positive cells induced by the irradiation. These results suggest that the preventative effects of the olive leaf extract and oleuropein on chronic UVB-induced skin damage and carcinogenesis and tumor growth may be due to inhibition of the expression of VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-13 through a reduction in COX-2 levels.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://health.eportal.gr/health/ygeiaoz_diatrofh/1990oz_200508221990.php3      Υπάρχουν ιστορικές ενδείξεις ότι τα φύλλα της ελιάς εχρησιμοποιούντο πριν τουλάχιστον 6 χιλιάδες χρόνια από τους αρχαίους λαούς της Μεσογείου...κατά των μικροβίων αλλά και για την καταπολέμηση του πυρετού. Στην ιστορία των αρχαίων Αιγυπτίων αναφέρεται ότι εκχύλισμα από τα φύλλα της ελιάς εχρησιμοποιήτο για την διατήρηση του σώματος των νεκρών (μούμιων), αφού παρεμπόδιζε την ανάπτυξη μικροοργανισμών που καταστρέφουν τις σάρκες.Στους μετέπειτα αιώνες το εκχύλισμα των φύλλων ελιάς, ευρέθη ότι ήταν πιο αποτελεσματικό και από το κινίνο ακόμα, κατά της ελονοσίας.Στις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, έρευνες επιστημόνων από διάφορα κέντρα ερευνών ανά τον κόσμο, αναφέρονται στις “θαυματουργές” ιδιότητες των φύλλων ελιάς:Επιστήμονες από τη Βουδαπέστη της Ουγγαρίας έδειξαν ότι είχαν 98% επιτυχία στην καταπολέμηση διαφόρων χρονίων μολύνσεων χρησιμοποιώντας εκχύλισμα φύλλων ελιάς, χωρίς παρενέργειες.Αλλες έρευνες από το Ισραήλ, βρήκαν ότι, το εκχύλισμα φύλλων ελιάς ήταν αποτελεσματικό κατά του μικροβίου του στρεπτοκόκκου, κατά της χρόνιας κόπωσης, ότι ενισχύει το σύστημα άμυνας του οργανισμού (αυξάνει τον αριθμό των λευκών αιμοσφαιρίων), ενώ αναφέρεται ότι είναι και αποτελεσματικό κατά μιας σειράς σοβαρών λοιμώξεων που σχετίζονται με των AIDS. Αλλες έρευνες του Πανεπιστημίου της Μεσσήνης της Ιταλίας δείχνουν ότι το συστατικό ολεοροπεΐνη που περιέχεται στα φύλλα της ελιάς, και που είναι η πικρή αυτή ουσία των φύλλων, αυξάνει τη ροή του αίματος προς την καρδιά με το να διαστέλλει τα αιμοφόρα αγγεία, ενώ μειώνει την υψηλή πίεση του αίματος. Επίσης οι ουσίες ρουτίνης, λουτεολίνης και εσπεριδίνης μαζί με σημαντικές ποσότητες βιοφλαβονοϊδών, φυσικής βιαταμίνης C, περιέχονται στα φύλλα της ελιάς.Μελέτες από το πανεπιστήμιο του Μιλάνου της Ιταλίας δείχνουν ότι εκχύλισμα φύλλων ελιάς, έχει αντιοξειδικές ικανότητες, προλαμβάνει την αρτηριοσκλήρωση, και ακόμα πολλές φορές καρκίνων.Ολα αυτά τα ευρήματα των επιστημόνων, φαίνεται να επιβεβαιώνουν τις επί αιώνες γνωστές ενδείξεις σχετικά με το ελαιόλαδο, που και αυτό περιέχει σε διαφορετικές ποσότητες, μερικά από τα συστατικά των φύλλων. Το ελαιόλαδο είναι εκείνο που προσφέρει στους μεσογειακούς λαούς χαμηλότερο ποσοστό καρδιακών παθήσεων. Τώρα, τα φύλλα ελιάς φαίνεται ότι προσφέρουν νέες ελπίδες, για τόνωση του συστήματος άμυνας του οργανισμού, με αντιοξειδικά για την καλή λειτουργία της καρδιάς και ότι είναι ασφαλές, αποτελεσματικό αντιβιωτικό, χωρίς παρενέργειες. Πόσα άραγε ευεργετήματα θα μπορούσαμε να είχαμε εξασφαλίσει αν, επιστρέφαμε προς τη φύση. Αν μελετούσαμε βαθύτερα, τις ενδείξεις που κληρονομήσαμε από την χιλιάδων χρόνων ανθρώπινη εμπειρία, της χρήσης φυσικών απλών παρασκευασμάτων, από ουσίες που υπάρχουν γύρω μας σε αφθονία. Ουσίες, που η καρδοσκοπεία παραμέρισε, απέκλεισε και πολέμησε, στερώντας τον άνθρωπο από τόσα και τόσα αποτελεσματικά, φθηνά (χωρίς αποκλειστικές εκμεταλλεύσεις) προϊόντα, προσιτά και διαθέσιμα σε όλους, σε άφθονες ποσότητες.    eee.htm

 

http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_ell_1_14/12/2006_208873     kfefk.htm

 Και τα φύλλα ελιάς φάρμακο για την καρδιά

Πεννυ Μπουλουτζα

Σε ένα πολύτιμο φάρμακο για την καρδιά, αναδεικνύεται η ελιά. Εκτός από το γνωστό για τις ευεργετικές του ιδιότητες ελαιόλαδο, φαίνεται ότι και στοιχεία της ελιάς που «πετάγονται» κατά τη διαδικασία παραγωγής του λαδιού, όπως ο πυρήνας του καρπού και τα φύλλα της, περιέχουν ουσίες που έχουν ισχυρή καρδιοπροστατευτική δράση.

Οπως τόνισαν χθες σε συνέντευξη Τύπου ο καθηγητής Καρδιολογίας και διευθυντής της Β’ Πανεπιστημιακής Καρδιολογικής Κλινικής στο «Αττικόν» κ. Δημήτρης Κρεμαστινός και ο αναπληρωτής καθηγητής Καρδιολογίας κ. Ευστάθιος Ηλιοδρομίτης, έρευνα του πειραματικού εργαστηρίου της Κλινικής σε συνεργασία με την Φαρμακευτική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών κατέδειξαν ότι ο πυρήνας του καρπού της ελιάς, το περίβλημά της και τα φύλλα της περιέχουν την φαινόλη ελευρωπαίνη, η οποία έχει αντιισχαιμική και αντιοξειδωτική δράση και αποτελεί ασπίδα για την καρδιά, τόσο στη στεφανιαία νόσο όσο και στην καρδιοτοξική δράση που προκαλούν κάποια αντικαρκινικά φάρμακα. Η γνώση αυτή μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί στο μέλλον στη δημιουργία φαρμάκων αλλά και συμπληρωμάτων διατροφής τα οποία μάλιστα θα μπορούν να λαμβάνονται προληπτικά ακόμα και από υγιή άτομα. Ο κ. Ηλιοδρομίτης, εξήγησε ότι οι ουσίες αυτές δεν βρίσκονται στα μέρη της ελιάς που καταναλώνουμε και σημείωσε ότι όσο περισσότερη επεξεργασία γίνεται στην ελιά προκειμένου να εξαχθεί το λάδι, τόσο καταστρέφονται οι συγκεκριμένες αντιοξειδοτικές φαινόλες.

Στον ρόλο του γενετικού υποστρώματος στην καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια, αναφέρθηκαν ο κ. Κρεμαστινός και η καθηγήτρια Καρδιολογίας και διευθύντρια του Τμήματος Καρδιαγγειακής Βιολογίας της Σχολής Φαρμακολογίας και Κυτταρικής Βιοφυσικής του Πανεπιστημίου Σινσινάτι, στις ΗΠΑ, κα Ευαγγελία Κρανιά. Οπως είπαν, από μελέτες σε Ελληνες ασθενείς με καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια που πραγματοποιήθηκαν με τη συνεργασία της Β΄ Πανεπιστημιακής Καρδιολογικής Κλινικής της Β΄ Καρδιολογικής κλινικής του Ωνασείου, με το Πανεπιστήμιο Σινσινάτι και το Ιδρυμα Ιατροβιολογικών Ερευνών της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών, εντοπίστηκαν δύο μεταλλάξεις στο γονίδιο της φωσφολαμβάνης (μίας πρωτεΐνης που ρυθμίζει τη λειτουργία του μυοκαρδιακού κυττάρου) που ήταν υπεύθυνες για την εμφάνιση διατατικής μυοκαρδιοπάθειας και την εκδήλωση καρδιακής ανεπάρκειας σε ορισμένους ασθενείς. Μάλιστα φάνηκε ότι αναλόγως με το ποια ήταν η «ένοχη» μετάλλαξη, η νόσος άλλοτε εξελίσσεται σταδιακά σε καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια τελικού σταδίου και άλλοτε συνοδεύεται από κοιλιακή αρρυθμία και προκαλεί αιφνίδιο θάνατο από τα πρώιμα στάδια. Ο κ. Κρεμαστινός τόνισε ότι η ανακάλυψη αυτών των μεταλλάξεων ανοίγει νέους δρόμους για τη θεραπεία της καρδιακής ανεπάρκειας στο μέλλον. Ο εντοπισμός των μεταλλάξεων γίνεται με εξέταση αίματος από άκρως εξειδικευμένα εργαστήρια, και σύμφωνα με τους ειδικούς, ενδείκνυται σε περιπτώσεις ασθενών με αρρυθμίες η αιτία των οποίων δεν μπορεί να εντοπιστεί με τις γνωστές μεθόδους.

http://fillaelias.blogspot.com      febs.htm

http://olivetreecuresinhuman.blogspot.com/     ot.htm

EFLA 943 olive leaf special extract won 3rd prize at the New Foods Innovation Competition for nutritional and physiological quality.    http://66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:urJzRVgKMfIJ:goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-6014903/Frutarom-s-EFLA-943-olive.html+%22efla+943%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2

Περιοδικό  VITA http://www.vita.gr/html/ent/941/ent.3941.asp   Eίναι ανεβασμένη η χοληστερίνη σας και προσπαθείτε να την κατεβάσετε; Πέρα από τους κλασικούς τρόπους αντιμετώπισης του προβλήματος, δηλαδή την αποφυγή ζωικών λιπαρών και τη σωματική άσκηση, το αφέψημα από φύλλα ελιάς θα σας βοηθήσει να τη ρυθμίσετε. Bράζετε σε σιγανή φωτιά για λίγα λεπτά ένα φλιτζάνι νερό με 10 καλά πλυμένα φύλλα ελιάς. Για να είναι αποτελεσματική η κούρα, πρέπει να την ακολουθείτε επί 21 μέρες κάθε μήνα και να πίνετε 1 φλιτζάνι το πρωί και 1 φλιτζάνι μισή ώρα πριν από κάθε κύριο γεύμα της ημέρας   fex.htm

Περιοδικό  VITA  http://www.vita.gr/html/ent/620/ent.5620.asp    Πρόσφατες έρευνες αυστραλών επιστημόνων επιβεβαιώνουν ότι ο χυμός των φύλλων της ελιάς μπορεί να συμβάλει στην καταπολέμηση διαφόρων τύπων καρκίνου. Οι ευεργετικές ιδιότητες της ελιάς και του αγνού παρθένου ελαιόλαδου είναι γνωστές. Ωστόσο, σε ό,τι αφορά τα φύλλα ελιάς, τον Ιούλιο του 2006 τα Πανεπιστήμια Southern Cross και Κουίνσλαντ δημοσίευσαν κοινή έρευνα για τη συμπληρωματική χρήση του μαγικού κοκτέηλ από φύλλα ελιάς το οποίο, σύμφωνα με τους ερευνητές, βοηθούσε στην αντιμετώπιση του καρκίνου του μαστού και του προστάτη. Όπως υποστηρίζουν μάλιστα, τα φύλλα περιέχουν πέντε φορές περισσότερες αντιοξειδωτικές ουσίες από τη βιταμίνη C οι οποίες αποτρέπουν τη δημιουργία των καταστροφικών, για τα κύτταρα, ελευθέρων ριζών. Πρόσφατα, από δοκιμές που πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε ανθρώπους στο Πανεπιστήμιο του Κουίνσλαντ, οι ερευνητές παρατήρησαν ότι ο «θαυματουργός» αντιοξειδωτικός χυμός πέραν των άλλων, βοηθά και στη μείωση των επιπέδων χοληστερόλης στο αίμα.    fks.htm

TO BHMA online

http://www.tovima.gr/default.asp?pid=2&ct=33&artId=247390 

http://www.tovima.gr/default.asp?pid=2&ct=33&artId=247390&dt=19/12/2008

Αντικαρκινικά φάρμακα με βάση την ελιά 

Παρασκευή 19 Δεκεμβρίου 2008

Το βασικό «συστατικό» της μεσογειακής διατροφής, το ελαιόλαδο, είναι γνωστό ότι μπορεί να προστατεύσει από ορισμένες μορφές καρκίνου. Τώρα είναι πιθανόν η ταπεινή αλλά πολύτιμη ελιά να αποτελέσει τη βάση για ανάπτυξη νέων φαρμάκων κατά του καρκίνου μετά την απομόνωση χημικών ουσιών του ελαιολάδου οι οποίες φαίνεται να εξολοθρεύουν τα καρκινικά κύτταρα. Ερευνητές του Πανεπιστημίου της Γρανάδας και του Καταλανικού Ινστιτούτου Ογκολογίας αναφέρουν στο επιστημονικό έντυπο «ΒioΜed Central» ότι απομόνωσαν λιγνάνες και σεκοϊριδοειδή και στη συνέχεια δοκίμασαν τη δράση τους σε καρκινικά κύτταρα του μαστού. Εκπληκτοι λοιπόν παρατήρησαν ότι οι συγκεκριμένες χημικές ουσίες θα μπορούσαν να συμβάλουν στην καταστολή του «ένοχου» καρκινικού γονιδίου ΗΕR2, το οποίο εμπλέκεται στο ένα πέμπτο των περιπτώσεων της νόσου. Για όσους πάντως πιστεύουν ότι η απλή κατανάλωση ελαιολάδου θα μπορούσε να καταπολεμήσει τον καρκίνο του μαστού, οι ειδικοί σημειώνουν ότι αυτό δεν είναι εφικτό καθώς απαιτείται πολύ υψηλότερη ποσότητα των συγκεκριμένων χημικών ουσιών από αυτή που λαμβάνεται μέσω της μεσογειακής διατροφής. 

TOBHMA19122008.htm

 

 

search_Ασπίδα για την καρδιά μας ένα συστατικό της ελιάς

Ασπίδα για την καρδιά μας ένα συστατικό της ελιάς

http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_ell_1_03/12/2006_207367                                                 

...... Ασπίδα για την καρδιά μας ένα συστατικό της ελιάς                                                                                                                                                        Στους ελληνικούς αγρούς φύεται ένας βιολογικός θησαυρός, η αξία του οποίου δεν προβάλλεται όσο αξίζει. Η ελιά και τα προϊόντα της, ακόμα και τα απόβλητά της(!), αποτελούν φυσικά θησαυροφυλάκια ουσιών με ισχυρή αντιοξειδωτική δράση, οι οποίες μπορούν να συμβάλουν στην καταπολέμηση ασθενειών όπως καρδιοπάθειες, Αλτσχάιμερ και άλλες νευροεκφυλιστικές ασθένειες, οστεοπόρωση κ.λπ., τονίζει ο κ. Λέανδρος Σκαλτσούνης, καθηγητής της Φαρμακευτικής Σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών. Δεν πρόκειται για δοξασίες, αλλά για αποτελέσματα σημαντικών ερευνών που πραγματοποίησαν πρόσφατα ελληνικές ερευνητικές ομάδες και δημοσιεύθηκαν σε έγκυρα διεθνή περιοδικά.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           Αντιοξειδωτική δράση Σε ασπίδα για την καρδιά, λόγω της ισχυρής αντιισχαιμικής δράσης που αναπτύσσει, μπορεί να αναδειχθεί ένα συστατικό της ελιάς, η ελευροπαΐνη, σύμφωνα με έρευνα που πραγματοποιήθηκε από τη Φαρμακευτική Σχολή Αθηνών, σε συνεργασία με τη Β΄ Πανεπιστημιακή Καρδιολογική Κλινική του Αττικού Νοσοκομείου (με τη συμμετοχή του καθηγητή Δημήτρη Κρεμαστινού και του αναπλ. καθηγητή Ευστάθιου Ηλιοδρομίτη). «Xορηγήσαμε σε κουνέλια ελευροπαΐνη (oleuropein), σε διαφορετικές δόσεις. Στα μισά από τα πειραματόζωα χορηγούσαμε παράλληλα και χοληστερόλη», λέει στην «Κ» η δρ Ιωάννα Ανδρεάδου, από την ερευνητική ομάδα της Φαρμακευτικής. «Διαπιστώσαμε σε όλες τις ομάδες μείωση της έκτασης του εμφράγματος, καθώς και μείωση της χοληστερίνης και των τριγλυκεριδίων κατά 30%, ύστερα από έξι εβδομάδες χορήγηση. Καταγράφηκε επίσης η αντιοξειδωτική δράση της ουσίας και μια αλλαγή στο συνολικό μεταβολικό προφίλ». Η εργασία που διήρκεσε δύο χρόνια δημοσιεύτηκε φέτος στο έγκυρο περιοδικό «Jurnal Nutricion».Αξίζει να τονιστεί ότι τα αποτελέσματα αυτά ήρθαν από δοσολογία διατροφής. «Δίναμε την ελευροπαΐνη από το στόμα, σε ποσότητες που ταιριάζουν σε μια καλή μεσογειακή διατροφή, πλούσια σε ελαιόλαδο, καλής ποιότητας», τονίζει η κ. Ανδρεάδου.Αλλά τα «θαύματα» των συστατικών της ελιάς δεν τελειώνουν εδώ. Σε ένα άλλο πείραμα, πάλι της Φαρμακευτικής Σχολής, η ελευροπαΐνη χρησιμοποιήθηκε με επιτυχία ως «αντίδοτο» ουσιαστικά της δοξορουβικίνης. Η δοξορουβικίνη είναι ένα διαδεδομένο αντικαρκινικό φάρμακο, το οποίο όμως παρουσιάζει μεγάλη καρδιοτοξικότητα και παρενέργειες, που περιορίζουν τη χρήση του. «Χορηγήσαμε την ελευροπαΐνη σε αρουραίους, αλλά αυτή τη φορά σε μεγάλες δόσεις, σαν να χορηγούσαμε φάρμακο, και είδαμε ότι είναι αποτελεσματική στην καταπολέμηση της τοξικότητας της δοξορουβικίνης», μας λέει η κ. Ανδρεάδου. «Η ελευροπαΐνη λειτούργησε και σαν πρόληψη και σαν θεραπεία, με εντυπωσιακά αποτελέσματα και στις δύο περιπτώσεις»! Το αποτέλεσμα αυτό μπορεί να βοηθήσει πολύ καρκινοπαθείς που υποφέρουν και από την πολυφαρμακία και τις επιπλοκές της, καθώς «η ελευροπαΐνη μπορεί να δίνεται σαν χάπι, αλλά είναι φυσικό προϊόν και δεν είναι τοξικό». Βεβαίως, χρειάζεται περισσότερη έρευνα όπως τονίζει και ηκ.Ανδρεάδου.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Στα φύλλα της ελιάς   Ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό είναι το γεγονός ότι μεγάλες συγκεντρώσεις ελευροπαΐνης υπάρχουν στα φύλλα της ελιάς, τα οποία ή πετιούνται ή καταλήγουν ζωοτροφές και λίπασμα. Είναι φανερό ότι υπάρχει μια πάμφθηνη πρώτη ύλη, για την απόσπαση ουσιών με δυνατότητες τεράστιας αξιοποίησης (ακόμα και βιομηχανικής).Από την άλλη, βέβαια, πρέπει να προσέξουμε ιδιαίτερα τη σύγχρονη παραγωγή του ελαιολάδου. Οπως τονίζει ο κ. Σκαλτσούνης, «το μεγαλύτερο μέρος των ωφέλιμων βιοδραστικών ουσιών της ελιάς, όπως οι πολυφαινόλες, ξεπλένονται από τα σύγχρονα ελαιοτριβεία και πάνε στα απόβλητα. Πάμε να ξεπλύνουμε την πικρή γεύση και πετάμε τις πιο ωφέλιμες ουσίες. Βεβαίως μπορούμε να τις πάρουμε από τα απόβλητα, όπως αποδείξαμε με ένα πολύ χρήσιμο πρόγραμμα που υλοποιήσαμε και να έχουμε διπλό κέρδος, και με τη μείωση του ρυπαντικού φορτίου των αποβλήτων και με την ανάκτηση πολύτιμων ουσιών».                                                                                                                                                                                      Στην καταπολέμηση του Αλτσχάιμερ Εναν άλλον τομέα ευεγερτημάτων της ελευροπαΐνης αποκαλύπτει η εργασία που πραγματοποίησαν ερευνητές από το Πανεπιστήμιο Πάτρας και το Βιοαναλυτικό Τμήμα του Κέντρου ΓΑΙΑ, Μουσείο Γουλανδρή Φυσικής Ιστορίας, και αφορά στην καταπολέμηση του Αλτσχάιμερ. «Ανακαλύψαμε ότι το μόριο της ελευροπαΐνης κολλάει με το αμυλοειδές πεπτίδιο, το οποίο είναι υπεύθυνο για τη δημιουργία των αμυλοειδών πλακών, που βρίσκονται στον εγκέφαλο των ατόμων που πεθαίνουν από Αλτσχάιμερ και που συνδέονται με την εμφάνιση της ασθένειας», εξηγεί, μιλώντας στην «Κ», ο κ. Αντώνης Τσαρμπόπουλος, αναπληρωτής καθηγητής στο Πανεπιστήμιο Πάτρας και διευθυντής στο Βιοαναλυτικό Τμήμα του Κέντρου ΓΑΙΑ. «Είδαμε ότι ιδιαίτερα το μόριο της ελευροπαΐνης, αλλά και ορισμένοι μεταβολίτες της, κολλάνε πολύ γερά στο αμυλοειδές, δημιουργούν σύμπλοκα και μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για να εμποδίσουν τον σχηματισμό του πολυμερούς». Κάτι τέτοιο θα μπορούσε να αξιοποιηθεί και σε άλλες νευροεκφυλιστικές ασθένειες, όπως το Πάρκινσον. «Τα πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν in vitro, με τεχνικές χρωματογραφίας και φασματομετρίας μάζας. Tο μεγαλύτερο μέρος της δουλειάς πραγματοποιήθηκε στο Βιοαναλυτικό Εργαστήριο του Κέντρου ΓΑΙΑ, το διάστημα 2003 – 2005, ενώ υπήρξε συνεργασία και με το Πανεπιστήμιο της Ουψάλας στη Σουηδία, για την αξιοποίηση πανάκριβων οργάνων και τεχνικών που δεν υπάρχουν στην Ελλάδα».Θα ακολουθήσουν πειράματα in vivo σε πειραματόζωα ή σε κυτταρικές σειρές, λέει ο κ. Τσαρμπόπουλος, τα οποία θα δώσουν μεγαλύτερη σιγουριά. «Εχουμε όμως ήδη ισχυρές ενδείξεις πως η ελευροπαΐνη μπορεί να είναι πολύ χρήσιμη».«Επιπλέον, παλιότερα πειράματα in vivo, σε συνεργασία με Γαλλικό Ερευνητικό Κέντρο, έδειξαν ότι η ελευροπαΐνη λειτουργεί θετικά και για την αντιμετώπιση της οστεοπόρωσης», συμπληρώνει ο κ. Τσαρμπόπουλος.....................................

Η καινοτομία που τον έκανε γνωστό είναι οι εξαγωγές αποξηραμένων φύλλων ελιάς στην Ιαπωνία, όπου χρησιμοποιούνται για πρώτη ύλη στην παρασκευή του Οlive Tea. Το τσάι της ελιάς πωλείται ως παγωμένο αναψυκτικό ή ως φακελάκι για ζεστό ρόφημα
http://www.e-tipos.com/content/staticfiles/issues/2007/06/19/190607%2012.pdf

The Olive Constituent Oleuropein Exhibits Anti-Ischemic, Antioxidative, and Hypolipidemic Effects in Anesthetized Rabbits    http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/abstract/136/8/2213

Discovery of small-molecule HIV-1 fusion and integrase inhibitors oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol: Part I. Integrase inhibition    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WBK-4MWR0C1-1&_user=10&_coverDate=03%2F23%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=8f347211ffcfecba0c292eb7c2ea35be

The olive leaf extract exhibits antiviral activity against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV)      http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2H-4FYYYW7-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=b6f7a42525c8c421ffa3fd8e5326b8e1   

The olive constituent oleuropein exhibits anti-ischemic, antioxidative, and hypolipidemic effects in anesthetized rabbits. http://www.phytochemicals.info/research/oleuropein.php

Acute doxombicin cardiotoxicity is successfully treated with the phytochemical oleuropein through suppression of oxidative and nitrosative stress     http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18605281

Oleuropein restores the pathological metabolic pathways induced by doxorubicin's cardiotoxicity. An NMR based metabonomic study  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WK6-4NB99P7-2F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=1d1e84ad8a191bb70ca8325ecdf69772

The olive constituent oleuropein exhibits anti-ischemic, antioxidative, and hypolipidemic effects in anesthetized rabbits.    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857843

  1. Andreadou I, Iliodromitis EK, Mikros E, Constantinou M, Agalias A, Magiatis P, Skaltsounis AL, Kamber E, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Kremastinos DT.
     The olive constituent oleuropein exhibits anti-ischemic, antioxidative, and hypolipidemic effects in anesthetized rabbits.
    J Nutr. 2006 Aug;136(8):2213-9.
  2. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of oleuropein in alloxan-diabetic rabbits.
    Al-Azzawie HF et al.
    Life Sci. 2006 Feb 16;78(12):1371-7.
  3. Oleuropein, a non-toxic olive iridoid, is an anti-tumor agent and cytoskeleton disruptor.
    Hamdi HK, et al.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Sep 2;334(3):769-78.
  4. The olive leaf extract exhibits antiviral activity against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV).
    Micol V et al.
    Antiviral Res. 2005 Jun;66(2-3):129-36.
  5. Antioxidant and anti-atherogenic activities of olive oil phenolics.
    Turner R, et al.
    Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2005 Jan;75(1):61-70.
  6. Olive oil and its main phenolic micronutrient (oleuropein) prevent inflammation-induced bone loss in the ovariectomised rat.
    Puel C, et al.
    Br J Nutr. 2004 Jul;92(1):119-27.
  7. Blood pressure lowering effect of an olive leaf extract (Olea europaea) in L-NAME induced hypertension in rats.
    Khayyal MT et al.
    Arzneimittelforschung. 2002;52(11):797-802.
  8. Biological properties of olive oil phytochemicals.
    Visioli F et al.
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2002;42(3):209-21.
  9. Oleuropein, the bitter principle of olives, enhances nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages.
    Visioli F. et al.
    Life Sci. 1998;62(6):541-6
 
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 May;71(5):1306-12. Epub 2007 May 7. Links 

 

Induction of growth inhibition and differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells by a Tunisian gerboui olive leaf extract.

Abaza L, Talorete TP, Yamada P, Kurita Y, Zarrouk M, Isoda H.

Laboratory of Characterization and Olive Oil Quality, Biotechnology Center, Hammam Lif, Tunisia.

Cancer protection associated with the consumption of olive products is well established, but not for leukemia. The protective effects of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves were investigated by incubating human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with olive leaf extracts (OLEs) from seven principal Tunisian olive varieties, namely, Chemchali, Chemlali, Chétoui, Gerboui, Sayali, Zalmati and Zarrazi. The results showed significant growth inhibition of HL-60 cells incubated for 48 h with a 100-fold dilution of each OLE which had been obtained by incubating 10 g of dried leaves in 100 ml of 70% ethanol for one week with subsequent ultrafiltration. DNA fragmentation was observed in the cells incubated for 19 h with a 100-fold dilution of the Chemchali, Chemlali and Zalmati extracts. The results of a nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay revealed NBT reduction, a differentiation marker, by the OLE-treated cells after an overnight incubation. The Gerboui extract showed the highest NBT reduction ability at more than 90%. An HPLC analysis revealed the presence of apigenin 7-glucoside in the extract, which was found in subsequent experiments to be responsible for the Gerboui extract-mediated cell differentiation.

PMID: 17485840 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 
: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1975 Aug;8(2):194-9.
Related Articles, Links

Inactivation of myxoviruses by calcium elenolate.

Renis HE.

Calcium elenolate inactivates all myxoviruses so far tested. The pH of the reaction mixture is less critical for myxovirus inactivation than that required for coxsackie A-21 virus; the myxoviruses are inactivated at a broad spectrum of pH with the maximum activity occurring at a pH below 7.0. The infectivity of the virus is more susceptible to the action of calcium elenolate than is either the neuraminidase activity or the hemagglutinin. The inactivation of Newcastle disease virus by calcium elenolate also destroys the ability of the virus to induce interferon formation in cell culture and in mice.

PMID: 1180544 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

PMCID: PMC429287

 
2: Nat New Biol. 1972 Aug 30;238(87):277-9.
Related Articles, Links

Inactivation of DNA polymerases of murine leukaemia viruses by calcium elenolate.

Hirschman SZ.

PMID: 4116501 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

 
           Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002 Oct;20(4):293-6.

In vitro antimycoplasmal activity of oleuropein.

Furneri PM, Marino A, Saija A, Uccella N, Bisignano G.

Department of Microbiological Sciences and Gynecological Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 81, 95124, Catania, Italy. furneri@mbox.unit.it

The activity of oleuropein, a phenolic glycoside contained in olive oil, was investigated in vitro against Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pirum. Oleuropein inhibited mycoplasmas at concentrations from 20 to 320 mg/l. The MICs of oleuropein to M. pneumoniae, M. pirum, M. hominis and M. fermentans were 160, 320, 20 and 20 mg/l, respectively.PMID: 12385687 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=12385687&ordinalpos=123&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 
         

 

          J Appl Bacteriol. 1972 Dec;35(4):559-67

Studies on the mechanism of the antimicrobial action of oleuropein.

Juven B, Henis Y, Jacoby B.

PMID: 4651255 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4651255&ordinalpos=193&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 
          Appl Microbiol. 1973 Nov;26(5):777-82.

Antimicrobial properties of oleuropein and products of its hydrolysis from green olives.

Fleming HP, Walter WM Jr, Etchells JL.

Oleuropein, the bitter glucoside in green olives, and products of its hydrolysis were tested for antibacterial action against certain species of lactic acid bacteria involved in the brine fermentation of olives. Oleuropein was not inhibitory, but two of its hydrolysis products, the aglycone and elenolic acid, inhibited growth of the four species of lactic acid bacteria tested. Another hydrolysis product, beta-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol, was not inhibitory. The aglycone of oleuropein and elenolic acid were much more inhibitory when the broth medium contained 5% NaCl; 150 mug of either compound per ml prevented growth of Lactobacillus plantarum. A crude extract of oleuropein, tested by paper disk bioassay, was inhibitory to 3 of 17 species of bacteria screened, none of which were lactic acid bacteria. The acid hydrolysate of the extract was inhibitory to 11 of the bacteria, which included four species of lactic acid bacteria and other gram-positive and gram-negative species. Neither crude preparation was inhibitory to growth of the seven species of yeasts tested. A possible explanation is given for the previously reported observation that heating (3 min, 74 C) olives prior to brining renders them more fermentable by lactic acid bacteria. Results of a brining experiment indicated that oleuropein is degraded to antibacterial compounds when unheated olives are brined.PMID: 4762397 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4762397&ordinalpos=191&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 
          J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Aug;51(8):971-4.

On the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol.

Bisignano G, Tomaino A, Lo Cascio R, Crisafi G, Uccella N, Saija A. Department Farmaco-Biologico, University of Messina, Italy.

Secoiridoides (oleuropein and derivatives), one of the major classes of polyphenol contained in olives and olive oil, have recently been shown to inhibit or delay the rate of growth of a range of bacteria and microfungi but there are no data in the literature concerning the possible employment of these secoiridoides as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria in man. In this study five ATCC standard bacterial strains (Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 9006, Moraxella catarrhalis ATCC 8176, Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and 44 fresh clinical isolates (Haemophilus influenzae, eight strains, Moraxella catarrhalis, six strains, Salmonella species, 15 strains, Vibrio cholerae, one strain, Vibrio alginolyticus, two strains, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one strain, Staphylococcus aureus, five penicillin-susceptible strains and six penicillin-resistant strains), causal agents of intestinal or respiratory tract infections in man, were tested for in-vitro susceptibility to two olive (Olea europaea) secoiridoides, oleuropein (the bitter principle of olives) and hydroxytyrosol (derived from oleuropein by enzymatic hydrolysis and responsible for the high stability of olive oil). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) calculated in our study are evidence of the broad antimicrobial activity of hydroxytyrosol against these bacterial strains (MIC values between 0.24 and 7.85 microg mL(-1) for ATCC strains and between 0.97 and 31.25 microg mL(-1) for clinically isolated strains). Furthermore oleuropein also inhibited (although to a much lesser extent) the growth of several bacterial strains (MIC values between 62.5 and 500 microg mL(-1) for ATCC strains and between 31.25 and 250 microg mL(-1) for clinical isolates); oleuropein was ineffective against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. These data indicate that in addition to the potential employment of its active principles as food additives or in integrated pest-management programs, Olea europaea can be considered a potential source of promising antimicrobial agents for treatment of intestinal or respiratory tract infections in man.PMID: 10504039 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10504039&ordinalpos=170&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 
          Lipids. 2000 Jan;35(1):45-54.Links

Protective effect of oleuropein, an olive oil biophenol, on low density lipoprotein oxidizability in rabbits.

Coni E, Di Benedetto R, Di Pasquale M, Masella R, Modesti D, Mattei R, Carlini EA.

Food Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. e.coni@iss.it

On the basis of the results obtained with pilot studies conducted in vitro on human low density lipoprotein (LDL) and on cell cultures (Caco-2), which had indicated the ability of certain molecules present in olive oil to inhibit prooxidative processes, an in vivo study was made of laboratory rabbits fed special diets. Three different diets were prepared: a standard diet for rabbits (diet A), a standard diet for rabbits modified by the addition of 10% (w/w) extra virgin olive oil (diet B), a modified standard diet for rabbits (diet C) differing from diet B only in the addition of 7 mg kg(-1) of oleuropein. A series of biochemical parameters was therefore identified, both in the rabbit plasma and the related isolated LDL, before and after Cu-induced oxidation. The following, in particular, were selected: (i) biophenols, vitamins E and C, uric acid, and total, free, and ester cholesterol in the plasma; (ii) proteins, triglycerides, phospholipids, and total, free, and ester cholesterol in the native LDL (for the latter, the dimensions were also measured); (iii) lipid hydroperoxides, aldehydes, conjugated dienes, and relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) in the oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). In an attempt to summarize the results obtained, it can be said that this investigation has not only verified the antioxidant efficacy of extra virgin olive oil biophenols and, in particular, of oleuropein, but has also revealed a series of thus far unknown effects of the latter on the plasmatic lipid situation. In fact, the addition of oleuropein in diet C increased the ability of LDL to resist oxidation (less conjugated diene formation) and, at the same time, reduced the plasmatic levels of total, free, and ester cholesterol (-15, -12, and -17%, respectively), giving rise to a redistribution of the lipidic components of LDL (greater phospholipid and cholesterol amounts) with an indirect effect on their dimensions (bigger by about 12%). PMID: 10695923 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10695923&ordinalpos=160&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 

          J Med Food. 2002 Fall;5(3):125-35.

Radioprotective effects in vivo of phenolics extracted from Olea europaea L. leaves against X-ray-induced chromosomal damage: comparative study versus several flavonoids and sulfur-containing compounds.

Benavente-García O, Castillo J, Lorente J, Alcaraz M.

Research and Development Department, Furfural Español S.A., Camino Viejo de Pliego s/n, 80320 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain. laboratorio@furesa.es

The radioprotective effects of a polyphenolic extract of Olea europaea L. leaves (OL); the flavonoids diosmin and rutin, which are widely used as pharmaceuticals; and the sulfur-containing compounds dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) were determined by using the micronucleus test for anticlastogenic activity, evaluating the reduction of the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs) in bone marrow of mouse before and after X-ray irradiation. With treatment before X-irradiation, the most effective compounds were, in order, rutin > DMSO > OL > PTU > diosmin. These results showed, for the polyphenols studied, a linear correlation (r(2) = 0.965) between anticlastogenic activity and antioxidant capacity. The magnitude of protection with treatment after X-irradiation were lower, and the most effective compounds were, in order, OL > diosmin > rutin; DMSO and PTU lacked radioprotective activity. Therefore, OL is the only substance that showed a significant anticlastogenic activity both before and after X-ray irradiation treatments. Structurally, the free oxygen radicals and lipoperoxyradicals scavenging capacity and, consequently, the anticlastogenic activity of these polyphenolic compounds are based principally on the presence of specific functional groups, mainly catechol groups (rutin, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, verbascoside, luteolin), that also increase the stability of the aroxyl-polyphenol radical generated in the above processes.PMID: 12495584 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=12495584&ordinalpos=117&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 

          Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Sep 2;334(3):769-78.

Oleuropein, a non-toxic olive iridoid, is an anti-tumor agent and cytoskeleton disruptor.

Hamdi HK, Castellon R. H2RC Corporation, 1920 E. Katella Avenue, Suite U, Orange, CA 92867, USA. hkhamdi@gmail.com

Oleuropein, a non-toxic secoiridoid derived from the olive tree, is a powerful antioxidant and anti-angiogenic agent. Here, we show it to be a potent anti-cancer compound, directly disrupting actin filaments in cells and in a cell-free assay. Oleuropein inhibited the proliferation and migration of advanced-grade tumor cell lines in a dose-responsive manner. In a novel tube-disruption assay, Oleuropein irreversibly rounded cancer cells, preventing their replication, motility, and invasiveness; these effects were reversible in normal cells. When administered orally to mice that developed spontaneous tumors, Oleuropein completely regressed tumors in 9-12 days. When tumors were resected prior to complete regression, they lacked cohesiveness and had a crumbly consistency. No viable cells could be recovered from these tumors. These observations elevate Oleuropein from a non-toxic antioxidant into a potent anti-tumor agent with direct effects against tumor cells. Our data may also explain the cancer-protective effects of the olive-rich Mediterranean diet.PMID: 16024000 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16024000&ordinalpos=62&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 
           J Appl Bacteriol. 1993 Mar;74(3):253-9.Links

The effect of the olive phenolic compound, oleuropein, on growth and enterotoxin B production by Staphylococcus aureus.

Tranter HS, Tassou SC, Nychas GJ.

Division of Biologics, PHLS Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Salisbury, Wilts, UK.

The presence of low concentrations (0.1% w/v) of oleuropein, a phenolic compound extracted from olives, delayed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in NZ amine A and brain heart infusion media modified by the addition of growth factors and glucose (NZA+ and BHI+), as indicated by changes in conductance, whilst higher concentrations (0.4-0.6% w/v) inhibited growth completely. Intermediate concentrations of oleuropein (0.2%) prevented growth in BHI+ but allowed growth to occur in NZA+ despite an extended lag phase (30 h). Concentrations of oleuropein > 0.2% inhibited growth and production of enterotoxin B in both types of media. Lower levels (0.1%) did not affect the final viable count and production of toxin in BHI+ but decreased the number of viable organisms and reduced the toxin production in NZA+ by eightfold. An increase in the concentration of oleuropein resulted in a decrease in the amount of glucose assimilated and consequently the amount of lactate produced. In addition, oleuropein prevented the secretion of a number of exoproteins. Addition of oleuropein during the exponential phase appeared to have no effect on the growth of Staph. aureus in NZA+.PMID: 8468258 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8468258&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus

 

 
          Rejuvenation Res. 2007 Jun;10(2):157-72.

The olive constituent oleuropein exhibits proteasome stimulatory properties in vitro and confers life span extension of human embryonic fibroblasts.

Katsiki M, Chondrogianni N, Chinou I, Rivett AJ, Gonos ES.
Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Aging,
National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.

Normal human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence due to both genetic and environmental factors. Senescence and aging can be further accelerated by exposure of cells to a variety of oxidative agents that contribute among other effects to the accumulation of damaged proteins. The proteasome, a multicatalytic nonlysosomal protease, has impaired function during aging, while its increased expression delays senescence in human fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to identify natural compounds that enhance proteasome activity and exhibit antiaging properties. We demonstrate that oleuropein, the major constituent of Olea europea leaf extract, olive oil and olives, enhances the proteasome activities in vitro stronger than other known chemical activators, possibly through conformational changes of the proteasome. Moreover, continuous treatment of early passage human embryonic fibroblasts with oleuropein decreases the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces the amount of oxidized proteins through increased proteasome-mediated degradation rates and retains proteasome function during replicative senescence. Importantly, oleuropein-treated cultures exhibit a delay in the appearance of senescence morphology and their life span is extended by approximately 15%. In summary, these data demonstrate the beneficial effect of oleuropein on human fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence and provide new insights towards enhancement of cellular antioxidant mechanisms by natural compounds that can be easily up-taken through normal diet. PMID: 17518699 [PubMed - in process]  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17518699&ordinalpos=11&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 
          BMC Cancer. 2007 May 9;7:80.

Olive oil's bitter principle reverses acquired autoresistance to trastuzumab (Herceptin) in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells.

Menendez JA, Vazquez-Martin A, Colomer R, Brunet J, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Garcia-Villalba R, Fernandez-Gutierrez A, Segura-Carretero A.

Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-Health Services Division of Catalonia, Spain. jmenendez@ico.scs.es

BACKGROUND: A low incidence of breast cancer in the Mediterranean basin suggests that a high consumption of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) might confer this benefit. While the anti-HER2 oncogene effects of the main omega-9 fatty acid present in EVOO triacylglycerols (i.e., oleic acid) have been recently described, the anti-breast cancer activities of EVOO non-glyceridic constituents--which consist of at least 30 phenolic compounds--remained to be evaluated. METHODS: Semi-preparative HPLC was used to isolate EVOO polyphenols (i.e., tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein). Both the anti-proliferative and the pro-apoptotic effects of EVOO phenolics were evaluated by using MTT-based quantification of metabolically viable cells and ELISA-based detection of histone-associated DNA fragments, respectively. The nature of the interaction between oleuropein aglycone and the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) was mathematically evaluated by the dose-oriented isobologram technique. HER2-specific ELISAs were employed to quantitatively assess both the basal cleavage of the HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) and the expression level of total HER2. The activation status of HER2 was evaluated by immunoblotting procedures using a monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing the tyrosine phosphorylated (Phosphor-Tyr1248) form of HER2. RESULTS: Among EVOO polyphenols tested, oleuropein aglycone was the most potent EVOO phenolic in decreasing breast cancer cell viability. HER2 gene-amplified SKBR3 cells were ~5-times more sensitive to oleuropein aglycone than HER2-negative MCF-7 cells. Retroviral infection of the HER2 oncogene in MCF-7 cells resulted in a "SKBR3-assimilated" phenotype of hypersensitivity to oleuropein aglycone. An up to 50-fold increase in the efficacy of trastuzumab occurred in the presence of oleuropein aglycone. A preclinical model of acquired autoresistance to trastuzumab (SKBR3/Tzb100 cells) completely recovered trastuzumab sensitivity (> 1,000-fold sensitization) when co-cultured in the presence of oleuropein aglycone. Indeed, the nature of the interaction between oleuropein aglycone and trastuzumab was found to be strongly synergistic in Tzb-resistant SKBR3/Tzb100 cells. Mechanistically, oleuropein aglycone treatment significantly reduced HER2 ECD cleavage and subsequent HER2 auto-phosphorylation, while it dramatically enhanced Tzb-induced down-regulation of HER2 expression. CONCLUSION: Olive oil's bitter principle (i.e., oleuropein aglycone) is among the first examples of how selected nutrients from an EVOO-rich "Mediterranean diet" directly regulate HER2-driven breast cancer disease.PMID: 17490486 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17490486&ordinalpos=13&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 

          Shock. 2006 Oct;26(4):410-6.

Oleuropein: a novel immunomodulator conferring prolonged survival in experimental sepsis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Geladopoulos T, Chrisofos M, Koutoukas P, Vassiliadis J, Alexandrou I, Tsaganos T, Sabracos L, Karagianni V, Pelekanou E, Tzepi I, Kranidioti H, Koussoulas V, Giamarellou H.

Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece. giamarel@ath.forthnet.gr

Oleuropein, a novel immunomodulator derived from olive tree, was assessed in vitro and in experimental sepsis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After addition in monocyte and neutrophil cultures, malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and bacterial counts were estimated in supernatants. Acute pyelonephritis was induced in 70 rabbits after inoculation of pathogen in the renal pelvis. Intravenous therapy was administered in four groups postchallenge by one multidrug-resistant isolate (A, controls; B, oleuropein; C, amikacin; D, both agents) and in three groups postchallenge by one susceptible isolate (E, controls; F, oleuropein; G, amikacin). Survival was recorded; bacterial growth in blood and organs was counted; endotoxins (LPS), malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, and TNF-alpha in serum were estimated. TNF-alpha and IL-6 of cell supernatants were not increased compared with controls when triggered by LPS and P. aeruginosa. Counts of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa were decreased in monocyte supernatants. Median survival of groups A, B, C, D, E, F, and G were 3.00, 6.00, 2.00, 10.00, 1.00, 5.00, and 1.00 days, respectively. Bacteria in blood were lower at 48 h in groups B and D compared with A and in groups F and G compared with E. Total antioxidant status decreased steadily over time in groups A, C, D, and G, but not in groups B and F. TNF-alpha of groups B, C, and D was lower than A at 48 h. Tissue bacteria decreased in group F compared with E. Oleuropein prolonged survival in experimental sepsis probably by promoting phagocytosis or inhibiting biosynthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. PMID: 16980890 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16980890&ordinalpos=33&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 
          J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2007 Mar;42(3):549-58. Epub 2007 Jan 16.

Acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is successfully treated with the phytochemical oleuropein through suppression of oxidative and nitrosative stress.

Andreadou I, Sigala F, Iliodromitis EK, Papaefthimiou M, Sigalas C, Aligiannis N, Savvari P, Gorgoulis V, Papalabros E, Kremastinos DT.

Second University Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon General Hospital, University of Athens, Rimini 1, 124 62 Athens, Greece. jandread@pharm.uoa.gr <jandread@pharm.uoa.gr>

Oleuropein (oleu) is a natural phenolic antioxidant, which is present in elevated concentration in olives, olive oil and olive tree leaves. Doxorubicin (DXR) induced cardiotoxicity is mainly induced by oxidative stress but the precise mechanism remains obscure. However, there is evidence that high concentration of nitric oxide (NO) occurring as a result of iNOS induction and peroxynitrite formation may be involved in DXR cardiotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a possible protective role of oleu in DXR induced cardiotoxicity in vivo. Fifty rats were divided into 6 groups and treated as follows: control group with a single injection of 2 ml normal saline intraperitoneally (i.p.), DXR group with a single dose of 20 mg/kg i.p, and DXR plus oleu groups with 20 mg/kg DXR i.p. and 100 or 200 mg/kg/BW of oleu i.p. for 5 or 3 consecutive days starting either 2 days before or on the day of DXR administration. Seventy-two hours after DXR treatment blood samples were collected for creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) assessments and the rats were then sacrificed. Hearts were used for general histology, iNOS immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis, and for determination of tissue concentrations of lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonyls (PCs), and nitrotyrosine (NT). DXR treated animals demonstrated very extensive cytoplasmic vacuolisation whereas much less vacuolisation was found in oleu treated groups. They also revealed a significant elevation of cardiac enzymes release into systemic circulation (P<0.05 vs saline). Both doses of Oleu tested and both treatment protocols reduced DXR elevated serum levels of CPK, CPK-MB, LDH, AST and ALT (P<0.05). Furthermore, it reduced DXR induced lipid peroxidation, PCs content, NT concentration and iNOS induction in myocardial tissue (P<0.05). Oleu exerts a protective effect by eliminating DXR induced cardiotoxicity expressed by the alteration of intracellular and peripheral markers. Combined oleu and DXR treatment improves the therapeutic outcome by preventing undesirable toxicity. PMID: 17223128 [PubMed - in process]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17223128&ordinalpos=26&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 
          Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Mar 23;354(4):879-84. Epub 2007 Jan 22.

Discovery of small-molecule HIV-1 fusion and integrase inhibitors oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol: part II. integrase inhibition.

Lee-Huang S, Huang PL, Zhang D, Lee JW, Bao J, Sun Y, Chang YT, Zhang J, Huang PL.

Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. sylvia.lee-huang@med.nyu.edu

We report molecular modeling and functional confirmation of Ole and HT binding to HIV-1 integrase. Docking simulations identified two binding regions for Ole within the integrase active site. Region I encompasses the conserved D64-D116-E152 motif, while region II involves the flexible loop region formed by amino acid residues 140-149. HT, on the other hand, binds to region II. Both Ole and HT exhibit favorable interactions with important amino acid residues through strong H-bonding and van der Waals contacts, predicting integrase inhibition. To test and confirm modeling predictions, we examined the effect of Ole and HT on HIV-1 integrase activities including 3'-processing, strand transfer, and disintegration. Ole and HT exhibit dose-dependent inhibition on all three activities, with EC(50)s in the nanomolar range. These studies demonstrate that molecular modeling of target-ligand interaction coupled with structural-activity analysis should facilitate the design and identification of innovative integrase inhibitors and other therapeutics. PMID: 17261269 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17261269&ordinalpos=23&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 

          FEBS Lett. 2007 Jun 12;581(14):2737-42. Epub 2007 May 21.

Computational study of bindings of olive leaf extract (OLE) to HIV-1 fusion protein gp41.

Bao J, Zhang DW, Zhang JZ, Huang PL, Huang PL, Lee-Huang S.

Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.

Recent experimental study found that OLE (olive leaf extract) has anti-HIV activity by blocking the HIV virus entry to host cells [Lee-Huang, S., Zhang, L., Huang, P.L., Chang, Y. and Huang, P.L. (2003) Anti-HIV activity of olive leaf extract (OLE) and modulation of host cell gene expression by HIV-1 infection and OLE treatment. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 307, 1029; Lee-Huang, S., Huang, P.L., Zhang, D., Lee, J.W., Bao, J., Sun, Y., Chang, Y.-Tae, Zhang, J.Z.H. and Huang, P.L. (2007) Discovery of small-molecule HIV-1 fusion and integrase inhibitors oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 354, 872-878, 879-884]. As part of a joint experimental and theoretical effort, we report here computational study to help identify and characterize the binding complexes of several main compounds of OLE (olive leaf extract) to HIV-1 envelop protein gp41. A number of possible binding modes are found by docking oleuropein and its metabolites, aglycone, elenolic acid and hydroxytyrosol, onto the hydrophobic pocket on gp41. Detailed OLE-gp41 binding interactions and free energies of binding are obtained through molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA calculation. Specific molecular interactions in our predicted OLE/gp41 complexes are identified and hydroxytyrosol is identified to be the main moiety for binding to gp41. This computational study complements the corresponding experimental investigation and helps establish a good starting point for further refinement of OLE-based gp41 inhibitors. PMID: 17537437 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17537437&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus

 

 

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Aug 8;307(4):1029-37.

Anti-HIV activity of olive leaf extract (OLE) and modulation of host cell gene expression by HIV-1 infection and OLE treatment.

Lee-Huang S, Zhang L, Huang PL, Chang YT, Huang PL.

Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.  Sylvia.lee-huang@med.nyu.edu

We investigated the antiviral activity of olive leaf extract (OLE) preparations standardized by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS) against HIV-1 infection and replication. We find that OLE inhibits acute infection and cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 as assayed by syncytia formation using uninfected MT2 cells co-cultured with HIV-1-infected H9 T lymphocytes. OLE also inhibits HIV-1 replication as assayed by p24 expression in infected H9 cells. These anti-HIV effects of OLE are dose dependent, with EC(50)s of around 0.2 microg/ml. In the effective dose range, no cytotoxicity on uninfected target cells was detected. The therapeutic index of OLE is above 5000. To identify viral and host targets for OLE, we characterized gene expression profiles associated with HIV-1 infection and OLE treatment using cDNA microarrays. HIV-1 infection modulates the expression patterns of cellular genes involved in apoptosis, stress, cytokine, protein kinase C, and hedgehog signaling. HIV-1 infection up-regulates the expression of the heat-shock proteins hsp27 and hsp90, the DNA damage inducible transcript 1 gadd45, the p53-binding protein mdm2, and the hedgehog signal protein patched 1, while it down-regulates the expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL2-associated X protein Bax. Treatment with OLE reverses many of these HIV-1 infection-associated changes. Treatment of HIV-1-infected cells with OLE also up-regulates the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor proteins IAP1 and 2, as well as the calcium and protein kinase C pathway signaling molecules IL-2, IL-2Ralpha, and ornithine decarboxylase ODC1. PMID: 12878215 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=12878215&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus

 

 
           Antiviral Res. 2005 Jun;66(2-3):129-36. Epub 2005 Apr 18.

The olive leaf extract exhibits antiviral activity against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV).

Micol V, Caturla N, Pérez-Fons L, Más V, Pérez L, Estepa A.

Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E-03202-Elche, Alicante, Spain.

A commercial plant extract derived from olive tree leaf (Olea europaea) (LExt) and its major compound, oleuropein (Ole), inhibited the in vitro infectivity of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), a salmonid rhabdovirus. Incubation of virus with LExt or Ole before infection reduced the viral infectivity to 10 and 30%, respectively. Furthermore, LExt drastically decreased VHSV titers and viral protein accumulation (virucidal effect) in a dose dependent manner when added to cell monolayers 36 h post-infection. On the other hand, both the LExt and Ole were able to inhibit cell-to-cell membrane fusion induced by VHSV in uninfected cells, suggesting interactions with viral envelope. Therefore, we propose that O. europaea could be used as a potential source of promising natural antivirals, which have demonstrated to lack impact on health and environment. In addition, Ole could be used to design other related antiviral agents. PMID: 15869811 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=15869811&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus

 

 
           Mycoses. 2003 Apr;46(3-4):132-6.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of olive leaves.

Markin D, Duek L, Berdicevsky I.

Department of Microbiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

We investigated the antimicrobial effect of olive leaves against bacteria and fungi. The microorganisms tested were inoculated in various concentrations of olive leaf water extract. Olive leaf 0.6% (w/v) water extract killed almost all bacteria tested, within 3 h. Dermatophytes were inhibited by 1.25% (w/v) plant extract following a 3-day exposure whereas Candida albicans was killed following a 24 h incubation in the presence of 15% (w/v) plant extract. Olive leaf extract fractions, obtained by dialysis, that showed antimicrobial activity consisted of particles smaller than 1000 molecular rate cutoffs. Scanning electron microscopic observations of C. albicans, exposed to 40% (w/v) olive leaf extract, showed invaginated and amorphous cells. Escherichia coli cells, subjected to a similar treatment but exposed to only 0.6% (w/v) olive leaf extract showed complete destruction. These findings suggest an antimicrobial potential for olive leaves. PMID: 12870202 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=12870202&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus

 

 

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Mar 23;354(4):872-8. Epub 2007 Jan 24.

Discovery of small-molecule HIV-1 fusion and integrase inhibitors oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol: Part I. fusion [corrected] inhibition.

Lee-Huang S, Huang PL, Zhang D, Lee JW, Bao J, Sun Y, Chang YT, Zhang J, Huang PL.

Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. sylvia.lee-huang@med.nyu.edu

We have identified oleuropein (Ole) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) as a unique class of HIV-1 inhibitors from olive leaf extracts effective against viral fusion and integration. We used molecular docking simulation to study the interactions of Ole and HT with viral targets. We find that Ole and HT bind to the conserved hydrophobic pocket on the surface of the HIV-gp41 fusion domain by hydrogen bonds with Q577 and hydrophobic interactions with I573, G572, and L568 on the gp41 N-terminal heptad repeat peptide N36, interfering with formation of the gp41 fusion-active core. To test and confirm modeling predications, we examined the effect of Ole and HT on HIV-1 fusion complex formation using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Ole and HT exhibit dose-dependent inhibition on HIV-1 fusion core formation with EC(50)s of 66-58nM, with no detectable toxicity. Our findings on effects of HIV-1 integrase are reported in the subsequent article. PMID: 17275783 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17275783&ordinalpos=21&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 
          Clin Nutr. 2006 Oct;25(5):859-68. Epub 2006 Jun 5.

Dose-response study of effect of oleuropein, an olive oil polyphenol, in an ovariectomy/inflammation experimental model of bone loss in the rat.

Puel C, Mathey J, Agalias A, Kati-Coulibaly S, Mardon J, Obled C, Davicco MJ, Lebecque P, Horcajada MN, Skaltsounis AL, Coxam V.

Unité des Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, INRA Theix, 63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This study was carried out to assess the dose-dependent bone-sparing effect of oleuropein, an olive oil phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, on bone loss induced by talc granulomatosis in oestrogen-deficient rat. METHODS: Among 98 rats, 20 were sham-operated (SH) while the others (78) were ovariectomised (OVX). The SH and 26 OVX rats (controls) were given a standard diet for 100 days. The 52 remaining OVX rats were allocated to 4 groups that received oleuropein at 2.5, 5, 10 or 15 mg/kg body weight per day for 100 days. Three weeks before necropsy, an inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injections of talc in half of the SH and OVX rats and in all oleuropein-treated animals. RESULTS: Castration was associated with a decreased bone mineral density (BMD). In OVX rats, inflammation, characterised by an increase of the spleen weight and plasma fibrinogen levels, exacerbated this bone loss, as shown by values of BMD of the total femur metaphyseal and diaphyseal subregions. The 4 doses of oleuropein reduced bone loss and improved inflammatory biomarkers excepted for 5mg/kg BW. CONCLUSIONS: Every dose of oleuropein elicited protective effects on bone mass in this model of ovariectomy associated with inflammation, probably by modulating inflammatory parameters.PMID: 16740345 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16740345&ordinalpos=41&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 
          Br J Nutr. 2004 Jul;92(1):119-27.

Olive oil and its main phenolic micronutrient (oleuropein) prevent inflammation-induced bone loss in the ovariectomised rat.

Puel C, Quintin A, Agalias A, Mathey J, Obled C, Mazur A, Davicco MJ, Lebecque P, Skaltsounis AL, Coxam V.

Unité des Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, INRA Theix, 63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of olive oil and its main polyphenol (oleuropein) in ovariectomised rats with or without inflammation. Rats (6 months old) were ovariectomised or sham-operated as control. Ovariectomised rats were separated into three groups receiving different diets for 3 months: a control diet with 25 g peanut oil and 25 g rapeseed oil/kg (OVX), the control diet with 50 g olive oil/kg or the control diet with 0.15 g oleuropein/kg. The sham-operated group was given the same control diet as OVX. Inflammation was induced 3 weeks before the end of the experiment by subcutaneous injections of talc (magnesium silicate) in one-half of each group. The success of ovariectomy was verified at necropsy by the atrophy of uterine horns. Inflammation, oleuropein or olive oil intakes did not have any uterotrophic activity, as they had had no effect on uterus weight. The plasma concentration of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (an indicator of inflammation) was increased in OVX rats with inflammation. With regard to bone variables, osteopenia in OVX was exacerbated by inflammation, as shown by a decrease in metaphyseal and total femoral mineral density. Both oleuropein and olive oil prevented this bone loss in OVX rats with inflammation. At necropsy, oleuropein and olive oil consumption had had no effect on plasma osteocalcin concentrations (marker of bone formation) or on urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion (marker of bone resorption). In conclusion, oleuropein and olive-oil feeding can prevent inflammation-induced osteopenia in OVX rats. PMID: 15230995 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=15230995&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus

 
          

 

         J Nutr. 2006 Aug;136(8):2213-9.

The olive constituent oleuropein exhibits anti-ischemic, antioxidative, and hypolipidemic effects in anesthetized rabbits.

Andreadou I, Iliodromitis EK, Mikros E, Constantinou M, Agalias A, Magiatis P, Skaltsounis AL, Kamber E, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Kremastinos DT.

Second University Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon General Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. jandread@pharm.uoa.gr

Thgoal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the antioxidant olive constituent, oleuropein, on infarct size, oxidative damage, and the metabolic profile in rabbits subjected to ischemia. Oleuropein, 10 or 20 mg/(kg x d), was administered to 8 groups that consumed a normal or hypercholesterolemic diet for 6 wk or only the higher dose for 3 wk. Circulating levels of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, nitrite+nitrate, cholesterol, triglycerides, SOD activity, and the metabolic profile were measured using 1H NMR spectra. In rabbits that consumed the normal diet, the infarct size (percentage of infarct to risk areas) was reduced by the administration of 10 mg oleuropein/(kg x d) (16.1 +/- 2.9%) or 20 mg oleuropein/(kg x d) for 3 wk (21.7 +/- 2.2%) or for 6 wk (24.3 +/- 1.3%) compared with the control group (48.05 +/- 2.0%, P < 0.05). Only the higher dose of 20 mg/(kg x d) reduced the infarct size in hypercholesterolemic rabbits (34.7 +/- 4.4% for 6 wk and 34.8 +/- 6.1% for 3 wk) compared with the cholesterol-fed control group (52.8 +/- 2.4%, P < 0.05). Oleuropein decreased the plasma lipid peroxidation product and protein carbonyl concentrations compared with the control groups, in which these factors increased relative to baseline due to ischemia and reperfusion. Furthermore, in rabbits administered oleuropein, RBC superoxide dismutase activity did not change during ischemia and reperfusion. This activity was significantly higher than in both control groups in which it was reduced by ischemia and reperfusion compared with baseline. Treatment for 6 wk with both doses of oleuropein reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. 1H NMR spectra revealed a different profile of glycolysis metabolites in the oleuropein-treated groups compared with the controls. Oleuropein, for 3 or 6 wk, reduced the infarct size, conferred strong antioxidant protection and reduced the circulating lipids. This is the first experimental study in vivo that suggests the possibility of using an olive constituent in the treatment of ischemia. PMID: 16857843 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16857843&ordinalpos=36&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

 

 
          J Nutr Biochem. 2004 Aug;15(8):461-6.

Oleuropein prevents oxidative myocardial injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion.

Manna C, Migliardi V, Golino P, Scognamiglio A, Galletti P, Chiariello M, Zappia V.

Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics F. Cedrangolo, Medical School, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. caterina.manna@unina2.it

The potential protective effects of oleuropein, a dietary antioxidant of olive oil, has been investigated in the isolated rat heart. The organs were subjected to 30 minutes of no-flow global ischemia and then reperfused. At different time intervals, the coronary effluent was collected and assayed for creatine kinase activity as well as for reduced and oxidized glutathione. In addition, the extent of lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentration in cardiac muscle. Pretreatment with 20 microg/g oleuropein before ischemia resulted in a significant decrease in creatine kinase and reduced glutathione release in the perfusate. The protective effect of oleuropein against the post-ischemic oxidative burst was investigated by measuring the release, in the coronary effluent, of oxidized glutathione, a sensitive marker of heart's exposure to oxidative stress. Reflow in ischemic hearts was accompanied by a prompt release of oxidized glutathione; in ischemic hearts pretreated with oleuropein, this release was significantly reduced. Membrane lipid peroxidation was also prevented by oleuropein. The reported data provide the first experimental evidence of a direct cardioprotective effect of oleuropein in the acute events that follow coronary occlusion, likely because of its antioxidant properties. This finding strengthens the hypothesis that the nutritional benefit of olive oil in the prevention of coronary heart disease can be also related to the high content of oleuropein and its derivatives. Moreover, our data, together with the well documented antithrombotic and antiatherogenic activity of olive oil polyphenols, indicate these antioxidants as possible therapeutic tools for the pharmacological treatment of coronary heart disease as well as in the case of cardiac surgery, including transplantation. PMID: 15302080 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=15302080&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus

 
         

 

          Life Sci. 2006 Feb 16;78(12):1371-7. Epub 2005 Oct 19.

Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of oleuropein in alloxan-diabetic rabbits.

Al-Azzawie HF, Alhamdani MS.

Biochemistry Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Patients with diabetes mellitus are likely to develop certain complication such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy as a result of oxidative stress and overwhelming free radicals. Treatment of diabetic patients with antioxidant may be of advantage in attenuating these complications. Oleuropein, the active constituent of olive leaf (Olea europaea), has been endowed with many beneficial and health promoting properties mostly linked to its antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of supplementation of oleuropein in reducing oxidative stress and hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. After induction of diabetes, a significant rise in plasma and erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) and blood glucose as well as alteration in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was observed in all diabetic animals. During 16 weeks of treatment of diabetic rabbits with 20 mg/kg body weight of oleuropein the levels of MDA along with blood glucose and most of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were significantly restored to establish values that were not different from normal control rabbits. Untreated diabetic rabbits on the other hand demonstrated persistent alterations in the oxidative stress marker MDA, blood glucose and the antioxidant parameters. These results demonstrate that oleuropein may be of advantage in inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress induced by diabetes and suggest that administration of oleuropein may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress. PMID: 16236331 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16236331&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus

 
          

 

          J Food Prot. 2005 Jul;68(7):1492-6.

Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by oleuropein is mediated by hydrogen peroxide.

Zanichelli D, Baker TA, Clifford MN, Adams MR.

School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.

The inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by oleuropein is shown to be largely due to hydrogen peroxide production by oleuropein. The reaction is initiated by noninhibitory levels of hydrogen peroxide present as a result of tryptone oxidation in the underlying medium. Inhibition is abolished by catalase and anaerobic incubation conditions, and the effect of tryptone can be replicated by exogenous H2O2. S. aureus strains with reduced catalase activity show greater sensitivity to oleuropein. A mechanism for hydrogen peroxide production is proposed. Inhibition is not entirely due to H2O2, since some organisms with similar sensitivity to H2O2 as S. aureus were resistant to oleuropein, suggesting that there may be a cooperative effect between H2O2 and oleuropein itself.PMID: 16013394 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=16013394&ordinalpos=63&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

  •  

     

    PATENTS FOR OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT

    Nutritional or therapeutic composition containing the compound oleuropeine or one of the derivatives thereof
    COXAM VERONIQUE (FR); SKALTSOUNIS LEANDROS
    EC:  A23L1/30B; A61K31/351; (+1)  IPC: A61K31/05; A23L1/30; A61K31/351 (+9)   US2006193931  2006-08-31

    Cosmetic or dermatological composition for topical skin treatment...
    TRAEGER ANEMONE (DE); WALDMANN-LAUE MARIANNE EC:   IPC: A61K8/97; A61K8/43; A61K8/49 (+12)   DE102005063179   2006-09-28

    FOOD SUPPLEMENT COMPOSITION INDUCING GALLSTONE REMOVAL
    JEONG YOUNG HA (KR); PARK SEONG KEE  EC:   IPC: A23L1/29; A23L1/29; (IPC1-7): A23L1/29   KR20030031384   2003-04-21

    Extraction method and technique of olive leaf extract
    SUN HAOYUAN  EC:   IPC: A61K36/63; A61K36/185   CN1827127 - 2006-09-06

    Health-caring tea made by olive leaf and preparation method thereof
    QIU GUOXIANG   EC:   IPC: A23F3/34; A23F3/00   CN1806649 - 2006-07-26

    METHOD OF USING WHOLE OLIVE AND FOOD HAVING ACTIVITY AGAINST HELICOBACTER PYLORI
    SHIBASAKI HIROYUKI (JP); TAKAHASHI MASAMICHI
    EC:  A23L1/212C; A23L1/212D; (+2)  IPC: A23L1/212; A23L1/30; A61K31/05 (+17)  WO2005046358 - 2005-05-26

    Natural olive beverage with high vitamin and calcium content
    GUO WEIGUANG   EC:   IPC: A23L1/304; A23L2/38; A23L1/304 (+4)   CN1672593 - 2005-09-28

    Olive kernel leaf extracts and preparation process and medical use thereof
    GAO JING (CN); XU LIZHI   EC:   IPC: A61P1/16; A61P29/00; A61P31/12 (+10) CN1544007  2004-11-10

    Medicine for treating diabetes
    LU YUNYI    EC:   IPC: (IPC1-7): A61K35/78  CN1483453 - 2004-03-24

    Olive-leaf foods and its preparation method and use
    JIANG TIAN (CN); XU WEIYING    EC:   IPC: A23F3/34; A23F3/00; (IPC1-7): A23F3/34  CN1422537 - 2003-06-11

    TEA BAG OF OLIVE TEA AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
    UEMATSU KATSUTARO  EC:   IPC: A23L2/38; A23F3/34; A23L2/38 (+2)   JP2003339360 - 2003-12-02

    METHOD FOR PRODUCING OLIVE TEA, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING TEA BEVERAGE MAINLY CONSISTING OF THE OLIVE TEA PRODUCED BY THE METHOD
    UEMATSU KATSUTARO; KONDO TATSUYA    EC:   IPC: A23L2/38; A23L2/38; (IPC1-7): A23L2/38  JP2004024002  2004-01-29

    DRIED OLIVE LEAF HAVING HIGH OLEUROPEIN CONTENT AND EXTRACT OF THE LEAF
    HATAKE SHUICHI; NAKAMURA HIROMICHI  EC:   IPC: A61K36/00; A61P7/02; A61P31/04 (+11)  JP2003335693  2003-11-25

    Olive leaf extraction method and formulations containing olive leaf extract
    US2003152656  2003-08-14 PINNELL SHELDON R (US); OMAR MOSTAFA M (US) Also published as:   US6743449 (B2)  Abstract --- A non-aqueous method of extracting olive leaves, and products formed containing the olive-leaf extract. The resulting extract is used, preferably together with vitamins C, E and A or components thereof to form a skin treatment product that has efficacy as a photoprotectant and antioxidant.

    Herbal intestinal tract cleanser
    WATSON TOMMY STANLEY (US); WATSON BRENDA  EC:  A61K35/78  IPC: A61K36/45; A61K36/534; A61K36/54 (+6) US6551628 - 2003-04-22

    Extraction of biologically active compounds from plant material using acid and antioxidant
    GREENE JOHN BERTRAM    EC:  C07G17/00  IPC: A61K36/38; A61K36/82; A61K36/87 (+7) NZ515182 2004-03-26

    AMYLASE INHIBITOR CONTAINING OLIVE LEAF OR EXTRACT THEREOF AND FOOD FOR PERSON HAVING HYPERGLYCEMIA
    KOMAKI ERIKO; MARU TAKESHI    EC:   IPC: A23L1/30; A61K31/352; A61K31/7048 (+18) JP2002010753 2002-01-15

    METHOD FOR OBTAINING OLIVE LEAF EXTRACTS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF
    QUINTANILLA ALMAGRO ELISEO (ES); AVILES OLMOS GINES
    EC:  A61K35/78  IPC: A61K36/18; A61P37/02; A61P37/04 (+6)   WO0147537   2001-07-05  Abstract -- The invention concerns a method for obtaining olive leaf extracts by performing extraction of olive leaves dried at a temperature of less than 35 DEG C with alkanols at low temperature and purifying the extract. The invention also relates to new pharmacological applications of olive leaf extracts as potentiator of cell immunity and delayed hypersensitivity in healthy humans by activating and proliferating T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, monocytes, granulocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

    Herbal formulation for stimulating the immune system to prevent colds and the flu and method of using same
    US2001018077   2001-08-30     SHANER EDWARD O (US)  Abstract -- A herbal formulation that is orally administered and which affects colds or the flu in a human subject comprises beta glucans, olive leaf extract, echinacea, goldenseal, una de gato, pao d'arco, elderberry dried berries and cayenne pepper. The formulation can also include zinc lozenges if symptoms of a sore throat are present in the subject.

    Chinese olive polyphenols and preparation process thereof
    YAN YIQIAN (CN); CAO DAOMING    EC:   IPC: C07C37/70; C07G17/00; C07C37/00 (+4)  CN1333203   2002-01-30

    COSMETIC AND/OR DIETETIC COMPOSITION COMPRISING A MIXTURE OF LYCOPENE AND OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT
    COLL DOMINIQUE (FR); MATHONNET JEAN-PIERRE    EC:  A23L1/30B; A61K8/31; (+3)  IPC: A23L1/30; A61K8/00; A61K8/02 (+54)    WO0066078   2000-11-09

    OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT, APPLICATION TO SKIN PREPARATION FOR EXTERNAL USE OR BATHING AGENT
    KAWAI NORIHISA; TANAKA KIYOTAKA EC:   IPC: A61K8/00; A61K8/02; A61K8/96 (+41)   JP2001002550   2001-01-09

    USE OF EXTRACT FROM LEAF OF OLEA EUROPEA AS ANTI-RADICAL AGENT
    GIORGIO AMARI    EC:   IPC: A23L2/38; A23L1/06; A23L1/30 (+26) JP2000344621  2000-12-12

    Olive leaf series products and production process thereof
    SUN JINGWEN    EC:   IPC: A23C9/00; A23F3/34; A23C9/00 (+3)  CN1237356 - 1999-12-08

    PRODUCTION OF LIQUID TEA COMPRISING OLIVE LEAF AS MAIN RAW MATERIAL
    KIYAMA KYOJI; KAWAGUCHI KAZUO EC:   IPC: A23L2/38; A23L2/42; A23L2/38 (+3) JP11262378 - 1999-09-28

    PULVERIZATION TREATMENT OF OLIVE LEAF
    KIYAMA KYOJI   EC:   IPC: A23L1/212; A23L1/30; A61K8/00 (+12) JP11239460 - 1999-08-16

    METHOD FOR PRODUCING EXTRACT OF OLIVE LEAVES AND EXTRACT PRODUCED THEREBY
    NACHMAN LESLIE    EC:  A61K35/78  IPC: A01N65/00; A61K39/385; A01N65/00 (+4)  WO9938383   1999-08-05

    USE OF POLYLYSINE IN COMBINATION WITH EITHER GREEN TEA OR OLIVE EXTRACTS OR BOTH FOR USE AGAINST HALITOSIS
    HUYBRECHTS LUCAS  EC:  A61K8/64; A61K8/97; (+1)  IPC: A61K36/82; A61K31/198; A61K36/63 (+4) WO2006117029
    2006-11-09

    Method of treating diabetes type II
    CREA ROBERTO EC:  A61K31/05; A61K36/63  IPC: A61K36/63; A61K31/05; A61K36/185 (+1) US2006177530 2006-08-10

    Topical composition for the treatment of psoriasis and related skin disorders
    MEISNER LORRAINE EC:  A61K31/60; A61K31/7008; (+4)  IPC: A61K36/76; A61K31/60; A61K31/7008 (+5) US2006165819
    2006-07-27

    METHODS FOR INHIBITING CANCER AND SCAR FORMATION
    RAQUEL CASTELLON   EC:  A61K31/7048  IPC: A61K31/7048; A61K31/7042; (IPC1-7): 01N43/04A (+5) MXPA05006069 2005-11-17

    METHOD OF OBTAINING HIGH-VALUE-ADDED COMPOUNDS FROM OLIVE LEAVES
    WO2005075614  2005-08-18   TABERA GALVAN J JAVIER, et al. Abstract -- The invention relates to a method of obtaining high-value-added compounds from olive leaves. The inventive method comprises the following steps, namely: a first step in which the leaves are subjected to solid-liquid extraction with organic solvents, preferably hexane or ethanol, and the crude extract thus obtained is vacuum concentrated; and a second step in which the crude extract is fractionated by means of supercritical CO2 countercurrent column extraction and separation into two cells with different fixed pressure and/or temperature conditions which alter the dissolving power of the CO2, thereby precipitating different compounds. The invention can be used to extract natural products of interest from olive leaves for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, such as waxes, squalene, beta -carotene, alpha -tocopherol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and other phenolic compounds, beta -sitosterol, alpha - and beta -amyrin, erythrodiol, uvaol and other terpenic alcohols, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and maslinic acid, among others.

    METHOD OF TREATING DIABETES TYPE II
    CREA ROBERTO EC:   IPC: (IPC1-7): A61K  WO2005007114 2005-01-27

    Water-soluble extract from olives
    US6936287  2005-08-30  CREA ROBERTO (US); CAGLIOTI LUCIANO  Abstract -- The invention provides olive-derived vegetation water substantially free of monophenolic compounds (e.g., tyrosol and its derivatives) from olive pits. According to one aspect of the invention, the pits or seeds are removed from the olives prior to pressing. The pitless pulp or meat is then pressed to obtain a liquid-phase mixture including olive oil, vegetation water, and solid by-products. The vegetation water is separated from the rest of the liquid-phase mixture and collected. The vegetation water is useful as a source of oleuropein.

    Isolation of oleuropein aglycon from olive vegetation water
    US2005103711  2005-05-19  EMMONS WAYNE (US); GUTTERSEN CONNIE  Abstract -- The present invention provides economical methods for collecting oleuropein aglycon from olive vegetation water, a routine byproduct in the manufacture of olive oil. The methods have the advantage of facilitating the collection of other valuable constituents of olive vegetation water, and furthermore render the olive vegetation water environmentally benign, and thus suitable for routine disposal.

    Methods for inhibiting cancer and scar formation
    HAMDI HAMDI K (US); CASTELLON RAQUEL  EC:  A61K31/23; A61K31/401; (+6)  IPC: A61K31/23; A61K31/401; A61K31/4025 (+19)
    US2004097428   2004-05-20

    Topical composition for the treatment of psoriasis and related skin disorders
    MEISNER LORRAINE FAXON  EC:  A61K31/4745; A61K31/7008; (+2)  IPC: A61K31/4745; A61K31/7008; A61K45/06 (+8)
    US2005003023 - 2005-01-06

    Hydroxytyrosol-rich composition from olive vegetation water and method of use thereof
    CREA ROBERTO  EC:  A01N31/16; A01N65/00; (+7)  IPC: A01N31/16; A01N65/00; A23L1/30 (+17)  US2003108651 - 2003-06-12

    DRIED OLIVE LEAF HAVING HIGH OLEUROPEIN CONTENT AND EXTRACT OF THE LEAF
    HATAKE SHUICHI; NAKAMURA HIROMICHI  EC:   IPC: A61K36/00; A61P7/02; A61P31/04 (+11)  JP2003335693 - 2003-11-25

    METHOD FOR PRODUCING EXTRACT COMPOSITION CONTAINING OLEUROPEIN
    HATAKE SHUICHI   Applicant: TAMA BIOCHEMICAL CO LTD  EC:   IPC: A23L1/212; A23L1/30; A61K31/7042 (+20)
    JP2002128678 - 2002-05-09

    Water-soluble extract from olive
    US6197308   2001-03-06  CREA ROBERTO (US); CAGLIOTI LUCIANO (IT)  Also published as:   US6165475 (A1)  Abstract -- The invention provides olive-derived vegetation water substantially free of monophenolic compounds (e.g., tyrosol and its derivatives) from olive pits. According to one aspect of the invention, the pits or seeds are removed from the olives prior to pressing. The pitless pulp or meat is then pressed to obtain a liquid-phase mixture including olive oil, vegetation water, and solid by-products. The vegetation water is separated from the rest of the liquid-phase mixture and collected. The vegetation water is useful as a source of oleuropein.

    METHOD FOR PRODUCING EXTRACT OF OLIVE LEAVES AND EXTRACT PRODUCED THEREBY
    WO9938383   1999-08-05   NACHMAN LESLIE (US)   Also published as:   US5714150 (A1)
    Abstract -- A method for preparing an olive leaf extract and the extract prepared thereby. The leaves are covered with an aqueous alcohol solution which remains in contact with the leaves for at least 4 hours and is then drained. This process is repeated at least two more times, and the drained extracts are combined, concentrated by distillation under vacuum, and dried by spray drying or oven drying under vacuum, to obtain a powder containing about 30-40 % by weight oleuropein. The steps of the extraction are conducted at a temperature of about 20 to 88 DEG C.

    METHOD OF PREPARING OLEUROPEIN
    ABDULLAEV GASAN M; ZEJNALOV BAGADUR K  EC:   IPC: (IPC1-7): A61K35/78 SU1066603   1984-01-15

     

     

    United States Patent 6,197,308 Crea , et al.  March 6, 2001

    Water-soluble extract from olives

      http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-

    bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=6,197,308.PN.&OS=PN/6,197,308&RS=PN/6,197,308

     

     

    United States Patent 5,714,150 Nachman February 3, 1998

    Method for producing extract of olive leaves

     http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-

    bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5714150

     

    http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=6,906,100.PN.&OS=PN/6,906,100&RS=PN/6,906,100

    United States Patent

             6,906,100                  Fotinos ,   et al.                  June 14, 2005

    Inventors: Fotinos; Spiros (Athens, GR), Panaitescu; Ligia (Attiki, GR), Skaltsounis; Alexios-Leandros (Athens, GR), Mitakou; Sofia (Athens, GR), Magiatis; Prokopios (Salamina, GR), Aligiannis; Nektarios (Nea Peramos Megaridos, GR), Galaris; Dimitrios (Ioannina, GR)
    Assignee: Lavipharm S.A. (GR)   
     
    Compounds and compositions derived from olives and methods of the use thereof 

    The preparation of extracts from olive fruits, olive tree leaves, olive oil as well as olive-press waste.

    The isolation of natural products from these extracts and the evaluation of the DNA protective antioxidant activity of the extracts

    and the purified compounds on intact cells.

    http://gr.espacenet.com/search97cgi/s97_cgi.exe?action=View&VdkVgwKey=GR1004159B1&DocOffset=3&DocsFound=7&QueryZip=%28%D6%

    D9%D4%C5%C9%CD%CF%D3%29+%3CIN%3E+in&Collection=dips&SearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fgr%2Eespacenet%2Ecom%2Fsearch97cgi%

    2Fs97%5Fcgi%2Eexe%3Faction%3DFilterSearch%26QueryZip%3D%2528%25D6%25D9%25D4%25C5%25C9%25CD%25CF%25D3%2529%

    2B%253CIN%253E%2Bin%26Filter%3Dgr%252Fgr%252Fespacefilt%252Ehts%26ResultTemplate%3Dgr%252Fgr%252Fresults%252Ehts%

    26Collection%3Ddips%26ResultStart%3D1%26ResultCount%

    3D10&ViewTemplate=gr/gr/textdoc.hts&ViewErrorTemplate=gr/gr/incerror.hts&DocsFound1=7&BeginHighlight=%3Cspan%3E&EndHighlight=%

    3C/span%3E&HLNavigate= 

    ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΞΕΙΔΩΤΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΥΤΤΑΡΟΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΚΑΝΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΥΔΡΟΞΥΤΥΡΟΣΟΛΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΚΧΥΛΙΣΜΑΤΩΝ ΑΠΟ ΕΛΙΕΣ, ΕΛΑΙΟΛΑΔΟ, ΑΠΟΒΛΗΤΑ ΕΛΑΙΟΤΡΙΒΕΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΦΥΛΛΑ ΕΛΑΙΟΔΕΝΔΡΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ ΤΟΥΣ

      Βιβλιογραφικά δεδομένα     Περιγραφή     Αξιώσεις     Mosaics     Πρωτότυπο έγγραφο     Νομική κατάσταση INPADOC  
    Αριθμός χορήγησης: GR1004159 B
    Ημερομηνία Δημοσίευσης: 2003-02-20
    Εφευρέτης: ΑΛΗΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ ΝΕΚΤΑΡΙΟΣ ; ΓΑΛΑΡΗΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ ; ΜΙΤΑΚΟΥ ΣΟΦΙΑ ; ΠΑΝΑΙΤΕΣΚΟΥ ΛΙΤΖΙΑ-ΣΤΕΦΑΝΙΑ ; ΣΚΑΛΤΣΟΥΝΗΣ ΑΛΕΞΙΟΣ-ΛΕΑΝΔΡΟΣ ; ΦΩΤΕΙΝΟΣ ΣΠΥΡΙΔΩΝ ; ΜΑΓΙΑΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΚΟΠΙΟΣ
    Καταθέτης: LAVIPHARM SA
       
    		 
     

    http://gr.espacenet.com/search97cgi/s97_cgi.exe?action=View&VdkVgwKey=GR1004159B1&DocOffset=3&DocsFound=7&QueryZip=%28%D6%

    D9%D4%C5%C9%CD%CF%D3%29+%3CIN%3E+in&Collection=dips&SearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fgr%2Eespacenet%2Ecom%2Fsearch97cgi%

    2Fs97%5Fcgi%2Eexe%3Faction%3DFilterSearch%26QueryZip%3D%2528%25D6%25D9%25D4%25C5%25C9%25CD%25CF%25D3%2529%

    2B%253CIN%253E%2Bin%26Filter%3Dgr%252Fgr%252Fespacefilt%252Ehts%26ResultTemplate%3Dgr%252Fgr%252Fresults%252Ehts%

    26Collection%3Ddips%26ResultStart%3D1%26ResultCount%

    3D10&ViewTemplate=gr/gr/textdraw.hts&ViewErrorTemplate=gr/gr/incerror.hts&DocsFound1=7&BeginHighlight=%3Cspan%3E&EndHighlight=%

    3C/span%3E&HLNavigate= 

    http://gr.espacenet.com/search97cgi/s97_cgi.exe?action=View&VdkVgwKey=GR2002100071A&DocOffset=1&DocsFound=7&QueryZip=%28%D6%

    D9%D4%C5%C9%CD%CF%D3%29+%3CIN%3E+in&Collection=dips&SearchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fgr%2Eespacenet%2Ecom%2Fsearch97cgi%

    2Fs97%5Fcgi%2Eexe%3Faction%3DFilterSearch%26QueryZip%3D%2528%25D6%25D9%25D4%25C5%25C9%25CD%25CF%25D3%2529%

    2B%253CIN%253E%2Bin%26Filter%3Dgr%252Fgr%252Fespacefilt%252Ehts%26ResultTemplate%3Dgr%252Fgr%252Fresults%252Ehts%

    26Collection%3Ddips%26ResultStart%3D1%26ResultCount%

    3D10&ViewTemplate=gr/gr/textdoc.hts&ViewErrorTemplate=gr/gr/incerror.hts&DocsFound1=7&BeginHighlight=%3Cspan%3E&EndHighlight=%

    3C/span%3E&HLNavigate=

     

    ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΞΕΙΔΩΤΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΥΤΤΑΡΟΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΚΑΝΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΤΟΥ 5-(ΑΙΘΥΛΙΔΕΝΟ-2-ΟΞΟ-ΤΕΤΡΑΥΔΡΟ-ΠΥΡΑΝΥΛ-4) ΟΞΙΚΟΥ ΟΞΕΩΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΚΧΥΛΙΣΜΑΤΩΝ ΑΠΟ ΕΛΙΕΣ, ΕΛΑΙΟΛΑΔΟ, ΑΠΟΒΛΗΤΑ ΕΛΑΙΟΤΡΙΒΕΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΦΥΛΛΑ ΕΛΑΙΟΔΕΝΔΡΩΝ, ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΕΣ ΤΟΥΣ

    Αριθμός χορήγησης: GR2002100071 
    Ημερομηνία Δημοσίευσης: 2003-10-15
    Εφευρέτης: ΑΛΗΓΙΑΝΝΗΣ ΝΕΚΤΑΡΙΟΣ ; ΓΑΛΑΡΗΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ ; ΜΙΤΑΚΟΥ ΣΟΦΙΑ ; ΠΑΝΑΙΤΕΣΚΟΥ ΛΙΤΖΙΑ-ΣΤΕΦΑΝΙΑ ; ΣΚΑΛΤΣΟΥΝΗΣ ΑΛΕΞΙΟΣ-ΛΕΑΝΔΡΟΣ ; ΦΩΤΕΙΝΟΣ ΣΠΥΡΙΔΩΝ ; ΜΑΓΙΑΤΗΣ ΠΡΟΚΟΠΙΟΣ
    Καταθέτης: LAVIPHARM S.A.

     

    United States Patent Office :

    Patent numbers - Titles :

     7,261,909      Method of obtaining a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition from vegetation water

     6,936,287      Water-soluble extract from olives

     6,416,808      Method of obtaining a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition from vegetation water

     6,361,803     Antioxidant compositions extracted from a wastewater from olive oil production

     6,906,100     Compounds and compositions derived from olives and methods of the use thereof

     6,746,706     Food compositions fortified with anti-oxidants

     6,632,798     Methods for inhibiting angiogenesis

     6,743,449     Topical composition comprising olive leaf extract

     5,714,150     Method for producing extract of olive leaves

     

    References :

  • Tranter, H. S.; Tassou, S.C.; Nychas, G.J.  “The effect of the olive phenolic compound, oleuropein, on growth and enderotoxin B production by Staphylococcus aureus.  Journal of Applied Bactreriology 74:253-259, 1993   
  • Renis, H.E. “In vitro antiviral activity of calcium elonolate “ Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy pp. 167-168, 1970
  • Fleming, H.P. Walter, W. M. Etchells,J.L., Antimicrobial properties properties of oleuropein and products of its hydrolysis from green olives”  Microbiology 26 (5);777-782, Nov. 1973
  • Tutour, B.L. and Guedon, D. “Antioxidative activities of Olea europaea leaves and related phenolic compounds, “Phytochemistry 31 (4); 1173-1178, 1992.
  • Petkov, V. and Manolov, P. “Pharmacological Studies on substances of plant origin with coronary dilatating and antiarrhythmic action.”   Comparatative Medicine East West VI(2):123-130, 1978.
  • Samuelson, G. “The blood pressure lowering factor in leaves of olea europae.” Farmacevitisk Revy 15:229-239, 1951.
  • Panizzi, L., et al. “The constitution of oleuroprin, a bitter glucoside of the olive with hypotensive action.”  Gass. Chim. Ital. 90:1449-1485, 1960.
  • Visioli, F. and Galli, C.  “Oleuropein protects low density lipoprotein from oxidation.” Life Sciences 55(24);1865-1971, 1994.
  • Walker, M. “Antimicrobial attributes of olive leaf extract.” Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients, #156, July 1996, pp. 80-85.
  • Walker, M., D.P.M., Olive leaf extract, Natures Antibiotic, Garden City, N.Y. Kensington Books 1997.

    • Shasha, On the oleuropein, the bitter principle of olives, vol. 26:1948-1954, 1960. .
     

    Redman, In vivo antiviral chemotherapy. . ., Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 1966, 497-502. .
     

    Fleming, Isolation of a bacterial inhibitor from green olives, Appl. Micro. 18:856-860, 1969. .
     

    Petkov, Pharmacological analysis of the iridoid oleuropein, anrneim.-Forsch (Drug Res.) 22:1476-86 1972. .
     

    Fleming, Antimicrobial properties of oleuropein and products of its hydrolysis from green olives, Appl. Micro. 26:777-782, 1973. .
     

    Benavente-Garcia, Antioxidant activity of phenolics extracted from Olea europaea L. leaves, Food Chem. 68:457-462, 2000..

    Computer Abstract FSTA 97(01):J0083 Limiroli et al "1H NMR study of phenolics in the vegetation water of three cultivars of Olea europaea" Journal of Agric. & Food Chem. (1996) 44 (8) 2040-2048, 1996. .
     

    Computer Abstract FSTA 2000(01):N0049 Servili et al "High Performance liquid chromatography evaluation of phenols in olive fruit, virgin olive oil, webetation waters, and pomace and 1D-and 2D-nmr charct" Jour of the Amer. Oil Chemists Soc. (1999) 76 (7). .
     

    Computer Abstract Energy 1992(16):116698 Amalfitano "Recovery and purification treatments of water coming from olive oil extraction processes" Energy innovation and the Agro-food industry Ed. Corte et al Conference: Mar. 21-23, 1990. .

    Aziz, N.H., et al., "Comparative antibacterial and antifungal effects of some phenolic compounds" Microbios 93:43-54 (1998). .

    de la Puerta, et al., "Inhibition of Leukocyte 5-Lipoxygenase by Phenolics from Virgin Olive Oil" Biochemical Pharmacology 57:445-449 (1999). .
     

    Koutsoumanis, K., et al., "Modelling the effectiveness of a natural anitmicrobial on Salmonella enteritidis as a function of concentration, temperature and pH, using conductance measurements" J. of Applied Microbiology 84:981-987 (1998). .
     

    Tassou, C.C. and Nychas, G.J.E., "Inhibition of Salmonella enteritidis by oleuropein in broth and in a model food system" Letters in Applied Microbiology 20:120-124 (1995). .
     

    Tranter, H.S., et al., "The effect of the olive phenolic compound, oleuropein, on growth and enterotoxin B production by Staphylococcus aureus" J. of Applied Bacteriology 74:253-259 (1993). .
     

    Visioli, F., et al., "Free Radical-Scavenging Properties of Olive Oil Polyphenols" Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 247:60-64 (1998). .
     

    Visioli, F., et al., "Oleuropein, the Bitter Principle of Olives, Enhances Nitric Oxide by Mouse Macrophages" Life Sciences 62(6): 541-546 (1998)..

    Litridou et al., J of the Science of Food & Agriculture, vol. 72(2): 169-172. Phenolic compounds in virgin olive oils: Fractionation by solid phase extraction and antioxidant activity assessment, Jun. 1997.* .
     

    Servili et al., J Am Oil Chemists' Soc., vol. 76(7): 873-882. High performance liquid chromatography evaluation of phenols in olive fruit, virgin olive oil, vegetation waters, and pomace and 1D- and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance characterization, Jul. 1999.* .
     

    A. Petroni, M. Blasevich, M. Salami, M. Servili, G.F. Montedoro, C. Galli, "A Phenolic Antioxidant Extracted from Olive Oil Inhibits Platelet Aggregation and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Vitro," World Rev Nutr Diet, Basel, Karger, 1994, vol. 75, pp. 169-172. .
     

    Caterina Manna, Patrizia Galletti, Valeria Cucciolla, Omella Moltedo, Arturo Leone and Vincenzo Zappia, "The Protective Effects of the Olive Oil Polyphenol (3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-Ethanol Counteracts Reactive Oxygen Metabolite-Induced Cytotoxicity in Caco-2 Cells," J. Nutr. 1997; 127:286-292. .
     

    Francesco Visioli, Giorgio Bellomo, GianFranco Montedoro, Claudio Galli, "Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidation in Inhibited in Vitro by Olive Oil Constituents," Atherosclerosis 117 (1995), pp. 25-32. .
     

    F. Visioli, F.F. Vinceri and C. Galli, "Waste Waters' from Olive Oil Production are Rich in Natural Antioxidants," Experientia, 1995; 51:32-34. .
     

    Sheila A. Wiseman, Jolanda N.N.J. Mathot, Nanneke J. de Fouw, Lilian B.M. Tijburg, "Dietary Non-Tocopherol Antioxidants Present in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Increase the Resistance of Low Density Lipoproteins to Oxidation in Rabbits," Atheroslcerosis 120 (1996), pp. 15-23. .
     

    Francesco Visioli, Giorgio Bellomo, and Claudia Galli, "Free Radical-Scavenging Properties of Olive Oil Polyphenols," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (1998) 247:60-64. .
     

    Francesco Visioli and Claudio Galli, "Olive Oil Phenols and Their Potential Effects on Human Health," J. Agric. Food Chem, 1998, vol. 46, No. 10, pp. 4292-4296. .
     

    Michel de Lorgeril, MD, Patricia Salen, BSc., Jean-Louis Martin, Ph.D., Isabelle Monjaud, BSc., Philippe Boucher, PhD., Nicole Mamelle, PhD., "Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in a Randomized Trial," Arch. Intern. Med., vol. 158, Jun. 8, 1998, pp. 1181-1187. .
     

    Mario Mancini, MD., Vernon J. Parfitt, MD., Paolo Rubbs, MD., "Antioxidants in the Mediterranean Diet," Can J Cardiol, vol. 11, Suppl. G, Oct. 1995, pp. 105G-109G. .
     

    Ma. M. Rodriguez, J. Perez, A. Ramos-Cormenzana & J. Martinez, "Effects of Obtained from Olive Oil Mill Waste Waters on Bacillus Megaterium ATCC 33085," Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1988, 64:219-225. .
     

    J. Perez, T. de la Rubia, J. Moreno and J. Martinez, "Phenolic Content and Antibacterial Activity of Olive Oil Waste Waters," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 11, pp. 489-495, 1992. .
     

    Francesco Visioli and Claudio Galli, "Oleuropein Protects Low Density Lipoprotein from Oxidation," Life Sciences, 1994, vol. 55, No. 24, pp. 1965-1972. .
     

    H.S. Tranter, Soula C. Tassou and G.J. Nychas, "The Effect of the Olive Phenolic Compound, Oleuropein, on Growth and Enterotoxin B Production by Staphylococcus Aureus," Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 1993, 74:253-259. .
     

    Satoshi Tamai, Miyuki Kaneda and Shoshiro Nakamura, "Piperazinomycin, a New Antifungal Antibiotic," The Journal of Antibiotics, Sep. 1982, vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 1130-1136.
     

    B. Gawdzik, J. Gawdzik and U. Czerwinska-Bil, "Use of Polymeric Sorbents for the Off-Line Preconcentration of Priority Pollutant Phenols from Water for High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis," Journal of Chromatography, 509 (1990), pp. 135-140. .
     

    B. Juven and Y. Henis, "Studies on the Antimicrobial Activity of Olive Phenolic Compounds," J. Appl. Bact, 1970, 33:721-732. .
     

    C.C. Tassou and G.J.E. Nychas, "Inhibition of Salmonella Enteriditis by Oleuropein in Broth and in a Model Food System," Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1995, 20:120-124. .
     

    H.P. Fleming, W.M. Watler, Jr. and J.L. Etchells, "Antimicrobial Properties of Oleuropein and Products of Its Hydrolysis from Green Olives," Applied Microbiology, Nov. 1973, vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 777-782. .


    Anna Petroni, Milena Blasevich, Marco Salami, Nadia Papini, Gian F. Montedoro and Claudio Galli, "Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation and Eicosaniod Production by Phenolic Components of Olive Oil," Thrombosis Research, vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 151-160, 1995. .
     

    Anna Petroni, Milena Blasevich, Nadia Papini, Marco Salami, Angelo Sala and Claudio Galli, "Inhibition of Leukocyte Leukotriene B.sub.4 Production by an Olive-Derived Phenol Identified by Mass-Spectrometry," Thrombosis Research, vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 315-322, 1997. .

     

     

     

     

    ===========================================================================================================

                  

            

    click